???? (????? ????)

??????? ????
??????	???????? ???????
??????	??? ??? ??
??????	??? ??? ??
???????	????? 2018
????????	??? ??? ?? ? Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (en)
?????? ??	??? ????
?????	???????? ???????
??? ??	????? ??? ??? ??????
??????	???? ?????? ?????? ????????
???????	2 ; ??? : ??? 500 ; ??? ????? 2020 ; ??? ?????? 2021 ; 6 ; ??? : ???? 500 ; ??? ?????? 2021 ;
???? ?????	olcf.ornl.gov… (??????????)
????? ??????? (????? ?????)
???????	POWER9 (en) ;
GPU	Volta (en) ; ????? :27?648 ;
??? ?????????	2?414?592 ; ??? ????? 2019 ;
??????? ??????	10?096 ??????? ; ??????: ?????? 2021 ;
???? ???????	??? ??? ????????? ?????
???????	2?801?664 ????????
??????	148?6 ???? ????? ;

???? (summit) ?? (OLCF-4) ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? .

?? ?????? ??? 2018 ??? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? . ^[8] ? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? LINPACK benchmark ??? ??? 148.6 ?????????. ^[9]

?? ?????? 2018 ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? 14.668 ????????? ??? ???. ^[9]

?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? 1.88 ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? 3.3 ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????. ^[10]

??????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? 325 ????? ????? ?? ?????? 2014 ????? IBM ?Nvidia ? Mellanox . ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????. ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????. ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????????. ^[11] ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? 136 ????? ?? ????????. ^[12] ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? . ^[13]

?? ??? 2015? ???? ??????? ?????? Collaboration of Oak Ridge ? Argonne ? Lawrence Livermore (CORAL) ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? Argonne ?????? . ^[14] ????? ??? 2018? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? 2021 ?????? ??????? exascale ???? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ????. ^[15]

??????? [ ??? ]

?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? 4608 (9,216 ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? IBM POWER9 ? 27,648 ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? Nvidia Tesla ^[16]) ????? ???? ?? 600 ???????? ?? ??????? ????????? (6 × 16 =96 ???? ???? ?? ??? HBM 2 ???????? ??? 2×8×32 = 512 ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? 4 ?? ?? ??? ) ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? 800 ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ????????? ?burst buffer ?? ?????? ?????. ^[17] ????? ????? ???????? ???????? POWER9 ?????? ?????? ???????? Volta ????? NVLink ???? ?????? ?? Nvidia . ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????????. ^[18] ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? Mellanox EDR InfiniBand ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? 200 ?????? / ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??? MPI ? SHMEM / PGAS .

???? ???? [ ??? ]

????? (???????) - OLCF-3
Sierra (??????? ????) - ???? POWER9 NVLink ?????
?????? (???????) - OLCF-5
TOP500
OpenBMC
??? ??? ????????? ??????

??????? [ ??? ]

^ ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ???? ????: https://www.top500.org/system/179397/ . ??????: 9 ?????? 2021. ??????: ??? 500 .
^ ^? ^? ???? ????: https://www.top500.org/site/48553/ . ??????: 20 ?????? 2023. ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????: ?????????? .
^ ???? ????: https://www.olcf.ornl.gov/olcf-resources/compute-systems/summit/ . ??????: 8 ????? 2018.
^ ^? ^? ^? ^? ???? ????: https://www.top500.org/system/179397/ . ??????: 9 ?????? 2021. ??????: ??? 500 . ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????: ?????????? .
^ ???? ????: https://graph500.org/?page_id=1009 . ??????: 15 ?????? 2021. ??????: ???? 500 .
^ ???? ????: https://www.olcf.ornl.gov/olcf-resources/compute-systems/summit/ .
^ ^? ^? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????: ?????????? . ???? ????: https://www.top500.org/system/179397/ . ??????: 20 ?????? 2023. ??????: ??? 500 .
^ Lohr? Steve (8 ????? 2018). "Move Over, China: U.S. Is Again Home to World's Speediest Supercomputer" . New York Times. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-09-11 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-07-19 .
^ ^? ^? "Green500 List - November 2018" . TOP500 (???????????). Archived from the original on 2019-07-03 . Retrieved 2018-07-19 .
^ Holt? Kris. "The US again has the world's most powerful supercomputer" . Engadget . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-06-10 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-07-20 .
^ Shankland? Steven (14 ?????? 2015). "IBM, Nvidia land $325M supercomputer deal" . C|Net. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-06-16 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-12-29 .
^ {{ ??????? ???? }}: ??????? ????! ( ?????? )
^ Noyes? Katherine (16 ???? 2015). "IBM, Nvidia rev HPC engines in next-gen supercomputer push" . PC World. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-05-25 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-12-29 .
^ R. Johnson? Colin (15 ????? 2015). "IBM vs. Intel in Supercomputer Bout" . EE Times. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-06-24 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-12-29 .
^ Morgan? Timothy Prickett (9 ????? 2018). "Bidders Off And Running After $1.8 Billion DOE Exascale Super Deals" . The Next Platform . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-06-16 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-07-20 .
^ "The most powerful computers on the planet - Summit and Sierra" . IBM . IBM. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-07-16 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-04-04 .
^ Lilly? Paul (25 ????? 2017). "NVIDIA 12nm FinFET Volta GPU Architecture Reportedly Replacing Pascal In 2017" . HotHardware . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-07-27.
^ "Summit and Sierra Supercomputers: An Inside Look at the U.S. Department of Energy's New Pre-Exascale Systems" (PDF) . 1 ?????? 2014. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2017-04-21.

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????

???? ?? ???????? ??????? :

??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????.

[e94e9b8ec96da1359467fa549fd2da28e67c8345-1] ? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ???? ????: https://www.top500.org/system/179397/ . ??????: 9 ?????? 2021. ??????: ??? 500 .

[c5082271086cf8d6536f0f5a5fa5bc9bac48261b-2] ? ^? ???? ????: https://www.top500.org/site/48553/ . ??????: 20 ?????? 2023. ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????: ?????????? .

[5e8af80092af051e488ab6fe3b303e9f39d69ddd-3] ???? ????: https://www.olcf.ornl.gov/olcf-resources/compute-systems/summit/ . ??????: 8 ????? 2018.

[391a74d0582565bcc0d019f840724903e0cd1b8b-4] ? ^? ^? ^? ???? ????: https://www.top500.org/system/179397/ . ??????: 9 ?????? 2021. ??????: ??? 500 . ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????: ?????????? .

[12987f6689f06d521b2ecb7a1fdef93d7a6e159b-5] ???? ????: https://graph500.org/?page_id=1009 . ??????: 15 ?????? 2021. ??????: ???? 500 .

[300a84c581f8f724a9f54d55982bf16719c29be3-6] ???? ????: https://www.olcf.ornl.gov/olcf-resources/compute-systems/summit/ .

[81ea1d9507fed0b27a4845fe50b0cfc5d1d97297-7] ? ^? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????: ?????????? . ???? ????: https://www.top500.org/system/179397/ . ??????: 20 ?????? 2023. ??????: ??? 500 .

[nytimes-8] Lohr? Steve (8 ????? 2018). "Move Over, China: U.S. Is Again Home to World's Speediest Supercomputer" . New York Times. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-09-11 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-07-19 .

[greenlistjune20182-9] ? ^? "Green500 List - November 2018" . TOP500 (???????????). Archived from the original on 2019-07-03 . Retrieved 2018-07-19 .

[exaopsachievement2-10] Holt? Kris. "The US again has the world's most powerful supercomputer" . Engadget . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-06-10 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-07-20 .

[contract2014-11] Shankland? Steven (14 ?????? 2015). "IBM, Nvidia land $325M supercomputer deal" . C|Net. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-06-16 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-12-29 .

[12] {{ ??????? ???? }}: ??????? ????! ( ?????? )

[13] Noyes? Katherine (16 ???? 2015). "IBM, Nvidia rev HPC engines in next-gen supercomputer push" . PC World. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-05-25 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-12-29 .

[14] R. Johnson? Colin (15 ????? 2015). "IBM vs. Intel in Supercomputer Bout" . EE Times. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-06-24 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-12-29 .

[exascale-15] Morgan? Timothy Prickett (9 ????? 2018). "Bidders Off And Running After $1.8 Billion DOE Exascale Super Deals" . The Next Platform . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-06-16 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-07-20 .

[16] "The most powerful computers on the planet - Summit and Sierra" . IBM . IBM. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-07-16 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-04-04 .

[:1-17] Lilly? Paul (25 ????? 2017). "NVIDIA 12nm FinFET Volta GPU Architecture Reportedly Replacing Pascal In 2017" . HotHardware . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-07-27.

[18] "Summit and Sierra Supercomputers: An Inside Look at the U.S. Department of Energy's New Pre-Exascale Systems" (PDF) . 1 ?????? 2014. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2017-04-21.

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