한국   대만   중국   일본 
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??????? ????????? [1] ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????? ????????. ?????? ????? "???? ?????? ?? ????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????

???? ??????? [ ??? ]

??? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ≪??????? ?????????≫ ?? ??? ???????. ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? 1980. ????? ??????? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ???????????.

??????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ???????? ???.

??????? [ ??? ]

??????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ??? :

  • ????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????
  • ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ???????
  • ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ???? ????
  • ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????
  • ????? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ???." [2]

??? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? 1990. [3] ???????? ??? ????? ??? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? (Food Alliance) ????????? ?????? (Protected Harvest) ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????. [4]

??????? ???????? ???????? [ ??? ]

???? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????. [5] ??? ??? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? (??? ???? ??? ??????? ) ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? (??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ). ??? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????????. ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ???????.

???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????. ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???????.

??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? . ?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????. ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? . ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? (???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ??? ????? ?????) ?? ??????? ???????? (??? ???? ??????? ????????). ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???:

  1. ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ? ??
  2. ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ? ??
  3. ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? (??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? (???? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????))? ??
  4. ????? ???????? (??? ????????) ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ???????.

????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????. [6] [7] ????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? (??????? ??????????? ??? ??? ???) ?????? ???? ????.

??? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? (??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ??????) ??? ????? ??? ????? ? ?????????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????.

????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????.

?????? [ ??? ]

????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????. ???? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ????? (????? ????? ??????) ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????????. ??? ??? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??. ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? (Ogallala Aquifer) ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????.

??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ≪???????≫? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??: 1) ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? 2) ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? 3) ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? 4) ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? 5) ??? ??????? ??????. [8]

?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???: ¤ ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????. ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????. ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ???. ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? (??? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????). ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??????: ????? ????? (??3/???) ??????/??? (??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????) ?????? ?????? (?3/??? ?? ?????).

¤ ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????. ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????. ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??????. ???? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????.

¤ ???? ???????. ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????? ???????. ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ????????.

¤ ??? ??????. ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????. ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????. ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???????. ????? ????????? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????. [9]

?????? [ ??? ]

????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????

?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????. ?????? ?????????? ≪????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????.≫ [10] ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????. ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? (Peak Soil)? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????. [11] ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????. [12]

??? ?????? ????? ??????

  1. ??????? ??? ?????
  2. ????? ?????? ??????? (Keyline design)
  3. ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????
  4. ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????
  5. ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? (???? ????? ??? ?????)
  6. ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? .

???????? [ ??? ]

?? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????. ????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? (Netting) ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????. [13] ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? (Oxford Sustainable Group) ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ????.

??? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????. ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????????.

????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????????. ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? (??? ?? ??? ??????????). ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? .

??? ??????? [ ??? ]

?? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????????. ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????. ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????. ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????.

??? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????????. ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????. ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????. ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????. [14] ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????. ??? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????. ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ??????.

???? ??????? ???????? ? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???. ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????. ????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ( ??????? ?????? ???????? )? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? [15] ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ( ?????? ???????? ) ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ????. ??? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? (??????? ?????? ???????? ?/?? ?????? ????????) ?? ???? ?????????? (??? ????? ?????? )? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? (Field Crops Res. 34:239).

??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????

?? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ????????. ???? ????? ??????? ?????? (1845-1849) ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? . ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ?????. ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????????. ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? 6000 ??? ??? ?????? [16] ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????????. [17] ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? (terra preta) ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????.

????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????. ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ???? ?????. [18]

??? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? (New Harvest) ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????. [19]

?????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? MSD/moeschle (?????? ??????)

???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? . ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????. ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ????. ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????.

?????? ???? ?????? [ ??? ]

?? ?????? ??????? ??? ≪??????? ????? ?????≫? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?????????. ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ( ??????? ). ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????.

???? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??? 9.3 ????? ???? ????? ??? 2050 . ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ? ?? ?? ???? ?????????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???????? . ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???.

??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????.

????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ????. ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???????. ??? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???????. [20]

??????? ?????? [ ??? ]

??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????.

???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????. ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????????.

????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? (??? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ) ?? ??????? ??????? ????????.

?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???????. ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????. ???? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????. [21]

???? ????? [ ??? ]

??????? [ ??? ]

  1. ^ ????? ??????? ??????? (???????? ?????????). ??????? ???????: ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? . 2018. ?. 20. ISBN : 978-9931-681-42-7 . OCLC : 1100055505 . QID : Q121071043 .
  2. ^ Gold, M. (July 2009). What is Sustainable Agriculture? . United States Department of Agriculture, Alternative Farming Systems Information Center. ???? ?????? 2015-09-05 ?? Wayback Machine
  3. ^ Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (FACTA), Public Law 101-624, Title XVI, Subtitle A, Section 1603
  4. ^ Organic and non-GMO Report. New certification programs aim to encourage sustainable farming . ???? ?????? 2017-07-04 ?? Wayback Machine
  5. ^ Altieri, Miguel A.     [???? ????] ‏ (1995) Agroecology: The science of sustainable agriculture. Westview Press, Boulder, CO.
  6. ^ Scientists discover genetics of nitrogen fixation in plants - potential implications for future agriculture ???? ?????? 2014-10-03 ?? Wayback Machine
  7. ^ Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, March 25, 2008 vol. 105 no. 12 4928-4932 [1] ???? ?????? 2015-09-24 ?? Wayback Machine
  8. ^ [2] ???? ?????? 2012-03-18 ?? Wayback Machine [ ???? ?????? ]
  9. ^ Indicators for sustainable water resources development ???? ?????? 2017-07-19 ?? Wayback Machine
  10. ^ Musokotwane Environment Resource Centre for Southern Africa CEP Factsheet. http://www.sardc.net/imercsa/Programs/CEP/Pubs/CEPFS/CEPFS01.htm ???? ?????? 2019-10-10 ?? Wayback Machine
  11. ^ Peak Soil: Why cellulosic ethanol, biofuels are unsustainable and a threat to America http://culturechange.org/cms/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=107&Itemid=1 ???? ?????? 2021-01-26 ?? Wayback Machine
  12. ^ CopperWiki Soil erosion http://www.copperwiki.org/index.php?title=Soil_erosion ???? ?????? 2020-11-24 ?? Wayback Machine
  13. ^ Netting, Robert McC. (1993) Smallholders, Householders: Farm Families and the Ecology of Intensive, Sustainable Agriculture. Stanford Univ. Press, Palo Alto.
  14. ^ Glover et al. 2007. Scientific American ???? ?????? 2020-02-21 ?? Wayback Machine
  15. ^ Nature 406, 718-722 Genetic diversity and disease control in rice , Environ. Entomol. 12:625) ???? ?????? 2017-06-23 ?? Wayback Machine
  16. ^ Sponsel, Leslie E. (1986) Amazon ecology and adaptation. Annual Review of Anthropology 15: 67-97.
  17. ^ Hecht, Susanna and Alexander Cockburn (1989) The Fate of the Forest: developers, destroyers and defenders of the Amazon. New York: Verso.
  18. ^ Pastures: Sustainable Management ???? ?????? 2010-05-05 ?? Wayback Machine
  19. ^ "PETA’s Latest Tactic: $1 Million for Fake Meat" , NYT , April 21, 2023. ???? ?????? 2018-01-06 ?? Wayback Machine
  20. ^ "Achieving food security in the face of climate change: Summary for policy makers from the Commission on Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Change" (PDF) . CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). ?????? 2011. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2013-05-31.
  21. ^ Vertical Farming ???? ?????? 2010-07-28 ?? Wayback Machine "???? ??????" (PDF) . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2010-07-28 . ???? ???? ?????? 2020-09-17 . {{ ??????? ??? }} : ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )
  22. ^ Pasakarnis G, Maliene V (2010). "Towards sustainable rural development in Central and Eastern Europe: applying land consolidation". Land Use Policy . ?. 27 ?. 2: 545?9. DOI : 10.1016/j.landusepol.2009.07.008 .
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