?? ?????????? ???????? ?????
??????
?????
???????
??? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ??
???????
??????????
? ???????? ?? ?????
?????? ?????? ?????????
????? ??????? ??? 276000 ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? 3 ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????.
[3]
[4]
[5]
??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??????
???? ?????
?? ??????
??? ?????? ??????
.
????? ????????
[
???
]
?? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? 1929 ? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? 1830? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????
???????
??? 1971 ? ??? ???????? ??
?????
?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? 1929 ? ?????? ??????? ??????
?????????
.
??????
[
???
]
???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ???????:
???????? ???????? ????????
|
?????
|
?????
|
??????
|
????
|
?????
|
????
|
?????
|
?????
|
?????
|
??????
|
??????
|
??????
|
??????
|
?????? ??????
|
?????? ?????? °? (°?)
|
27.0
(80.6)
|
28.0
(82.4)
|
32.2
(90.0)
|
37.0
(98.6)
|
40.4
(104.7)
|
43.0
(109.4)
|
42.0
(107.6)
|
43.0
(109.4)
|
40.0
(104.0)
|
36.0
(96.8)
|
30.2
(86.4)
|
28.0
(82.4)
|
43.0
(109.4)
|
????? ???? ??????? ?????? °? (°?)
|
14.0
(57.2)
|
16.5
(61.7)
|
21.9
(71.4)
|
27.5
(81.5)
|
32.5
(90.5)
|
36.2
(97.2)
|
37.0
(98.6)
|
35.6
(96.1)
|
32.3
(90.1)
|
27.7
(81.9)
|
21.7
(71.1)
|
16.3
(61.3)
|
26.6
(79.9)
|
??????? ?????? °? (°?)
|
6.4
(43.5)
|
9.2
(48.6)
|
14.5
(58.1)
|
20.0
(68.0)
|
24.7
(76.5)
|
28.3
(82.9)
|
29.3
(84.7)
|
27.1
(80.8)
|
22.7
(72.9)
|
17.8
(64.0)
|
11.9
(53.4)
|
7.9
(46.2)
|
18.3
(65.0)
|
????? ???? ??????? ?????? °? (°?)
|
?0.5
(31.1)
|
2.5
(36.5)
|
7.4
(45.3)
|
12.1
(53.8)
|
15.9
(60.6)
|
18.6
(65.5)
|
19.8
(67.6)
|
17.2
(63.0)
|
12.4
(54.3)
|
8.1
(46.6)
|
3.1
(37.6)
|
0.5
(32.9)
|
9.8
(49.6)
|
???? ???? ????? °? (°?)
|
?22
(?8)
|
?14
(7)
|
?7
(19)
|
0.0
(32.0)
|
1.4
(34.5)
|
11.0
(51.8)
|
12.0
(53.6)
|
8.0
(46.4)
|
2.0
(35.6)
|
?4
(25)
|
?11
(12)
|
?16
(3)
|
?22
(?8)
|
??????
?? (???)
|
19.3
(0.76)
|
21.1
(0.83)
|
13.6
(0.54)
|
9.5
(0.37)
|
3.9
(0.15)
|
0.4
(0.02)
|
0.8
(0.03)
|
0.9
(0.04)
|
0.2
(0.01)
|
1.8
(0.07)
|
3.4
(0.13)
|
7.2
(0.28)
|
82.1
(3.23)
|
????? ?????? ???????
|
4.3
|
4.5
|
4.2
|
4.2
|
2.4
|
0.3
|
0.4
|
0.2
|
0.3
|
0.9
|
1.3
|
2.8
|
25.8
|
????? ?????? ???????
|
0.7
|
0.4
|
0.1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.3
|
1.5
|
?????
??????? ???????
(%)
|
54
|
50
|
42
|
36
|
29
|
24
|
23
|
24
|
25
|
31
|
40
|
49
|
36
|
????? ???? ????? ???????
|
208.8
|
199.3
|
221.2
|
235.2
|
296.2
|
310.2
|
317.9
|
324.5
|
305.4
|
290.2
|
245.6
|
215.2
|
3?169?7
|
??????: NOAA (1961?1990)
[6]
|
?????
[
???
]