??? ??????

????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? 2011 ?2017 ??????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? 2 ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? .

??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????????. ^[1]^[2] ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? 2016. ^[3] ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??????.

???? ???????? ??? 2011 ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? 2022 ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? 2013 ?2015. ?? ????? 2016? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? 2018 ??? ???? ?????. ?? ?????? 2017? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? 2020 ??? ???? ?????. ?? ????? 2017? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????. ^[4]

????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? 2011 ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? (????? ?????)? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ??????. ^[5]^[2]^[1] ??????? ?????? ?????? 1 ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? 2 ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? . ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ? ^[2] ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????. ^[6]^[7]

????? ??? 2011 [ ??? ]

???? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? 2013 ?2015 ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? 13 ?????? ?????? ?? ??? 2022? ^[7]^[6]^[8] ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?????.

???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? 2011 ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? 3.6 ??? (12 ???)? ????? 6.5 ?? (14000 ?????) ???? ????? ????? 7 ????? ????? (250 ??? ?????) ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? (2200 ?????) ??? ??????. ^[5] ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? (3.3 ???) ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????. ??? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? 2011 ??? ?? 400 ????? ????? ?????? ? ^[6] ???????? ??? ?? ??? 150 ?190 ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????. ^[7]^[1]

???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??:

??????? ??????? ^[2]

????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? (????? ?????)? ?? ?????? ?? ??????
????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????
????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????
??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????

????? ????? ??????? ??????? ^[2]

??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? (?? ?? ??) ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????????
????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????
??? ??????? ????????
????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????
??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? (?? ?? ?? ??): ??????? ????? ?????? ??????

???? ????? [ ??? ]

????? [ ??? ]

^ ^? ^? ^? "Red Dragon"? Feasibility of a Dragon-derived Mars lander for scientific and human-precursor investigations (PDF) ? 8m.net? 31 ?????? 2011? ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2021-03-22 ? ???? ???? ?????? 2012-05-14
^ ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? David? Leonard (7 ???? 2014). "Project 'Red Dragon': Mars Sample-Return Mission Could Launch in 2022 with SpaceX Capsule" . Space.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2021-03-02 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-03-08 .
^ Cowing? Keith (28 ????? 2016). "SpaceX Will Start Going to Mars in 2018" . SpaceRef . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-05-03 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-04-28 .
^ Grush? Loren (19 ????? 2017). "Elon Musk suggests SpaceX is scrapping its plans to land Dragon capsules on Mars" . ?? ???? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2021-05-30.
^ ^? ^? E. Sklyanskiy? M. R. Grover? A. D. Steltzner & Sherwood (?????? 2012). "RED DRAGON-MSL HYBRID LANDING ARCHITECTURE FOR 2018" (PDF) . Jet Propulsion Laboratory . ???? . ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2020-11-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-07-04 .
^ ^? ^? ^? Wall? Mike (31 ????? 2011). " 'Red Dragon' Mission Mulled as Cheap Search for Mars Life" . SPACE.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2021-04-18 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-05-01 .
^ ^? ^? ^? "NASA ADVISORY COUNCIL (NAC) - Science Committee Report" (PDF) . Ames Research Center, NASA . 1 ?????? 2011. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2013-01-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-05-01 .
^ Spacex Dragon lander could land on Mars with a mission under the NASA Discovery Program cost cap. 20 June 2014. ???? ?????? 2020-09-04 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? :

??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????.

[8m-1] ? ^? ^? "Red Dragon"? Feasibility of a Dragon-derived Mars lander for scientific and human-precursor investigations (PDF) ? 8m.net? 31 ?????? 2011? ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2021-03-22 ? ???? ???? ?????? 2012-05-14

[March_20142-2] ? ^? ^? ^? ^? David? Leonard (7 ???? 2014). "Project 'Red Dragon': Mars Sample-Return Mission Could Launch in 2022 with SpaceX Capsule" . Space.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2021-03-02 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-03-08 .

[Cowing_2016-3] Cowing? Keith (28 ????? 2016). "SpaceX Will Start Going to Mars in 2018" . SpaceRef . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-05-03 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-04-28 .

[theverge-20170719-4] Grush? Loren (19 ????? 2017). "Elon Musk suggests SpaceX is scrapping its plans to land Dragon capsules on Mars" . ?? ???? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2021-05-30.

[hybrid2-5] ? ^? E. Sklyanskiy? M. R. Grover? A. D. Steltzner & Sherwood (?????? 2012). "RED DRAGON-MSL HYBRID LANDING ARCHITECTURE FOR 2018" (PDF) . Jet Propulsion Laboratory . ???? . ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2020-11-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-07-04 .

[sdc20110731-6] ? ^? ^? Wall? Mike (31 ????? 2011). " 'Red Dragon' Mission Mulled as Cheap Search for Mars Life" . SPACE.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2021-04-18 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-05-01 .

[NAC_2011-7] ? ^? ^? "NASA ADVISORY COUNCIL (NAC) - Science Committee Report" (PDF) . Ames Research Center, NASA . 1 ?????? 2011. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2013-01-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-05-01 .

[8] Spacex Dragon lander could land on Mars with a mission under the NASA Discovery Program cost cap. 20 June 2014. ???? ?????? 2020-09-04 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]