????? ??????????

????? ??????????
	????? ?. ??????????
1st ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????
	?? ?????? ; 20 ??????, 1781 ? 4 ?????, 1783
	??? ???
1st ?????? ???????
	?? ?????? ; 1777 ? 1801
	??? ???????
	?? ?????? ; 1801 ? 1804
	?????? ?????? ??? ?????????
??????? ?????
??? ???????	( ??????????? : Robert Robert Livingston )?
???????	27 ?????? 1746 ; ????? ??????? ; ?????? ??????????
??????	26 ?????? 1813 (66 ???) ; ???????? ???????, ; ???????? ???????
???????	??????
??????	???? ?????? ??????????
????	????? ??????????
???? ??????	?????? ??????????
?????? ???????
??????? ????	????? ????????
??????	?????
?????	????? ???????? ??????????
???????
	????? ????? - ?????

????? ?????????? ( ??????????? : Robert Robert Livingston )? ( 27 ?????? 1746 - 26 ?????? 1813 ) ??? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? 1789? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??? 1801.

????? ??????? [ ??? ]

??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????? (1764-1836) ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????? (1757-1833) ?? ?????? ?????? ???? (1754-1844)? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???????? (1738-1775) ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????????? (1761-1822) ?? ??? ????????? ????? (1758-1843)? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? (1759-1827) ?? ???? ?? ?????????? (1766-1847). ^[1]

???? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????? (????? ??????) ?? ????? 1765 ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? 1770. ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? 1784. ^[2]^[3]

????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? 1773 ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? (????????) ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????.

?????? ????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? 30 ????? 1777? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???????. ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? 1781 ??? 1783.

??? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? 30 ????? 1789 ?? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? . ^[4]

???? ????? ?????????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? 1789 ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ???. ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? 1794 ???? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????????. ^[5]

???? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ??? 1798 ???? ??? ????. ??? ?????????? ????? ?? 30 ????? 1801 ??? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ??? 24 ?????.

????? ????????? [ ??? ]

????? ????? ??????????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? 11 ????? 1776 ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????????. ^[6]

???? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? [ ??? ]

??? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? 4 ???? 1801.

????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? (1751-1814) ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? 9 ?????? 1770? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???:

???????? ?????? ?????????? (1780-1829) ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????? (1779-1843) ?? 20 ?????? 1799.
??????? ????? ?????????? (1783-1818) ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????????? (1775-1843) ??? ????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ?? 10 ????? 1799.

???? ????? ?????????? ?? 26 ?????? 1813 ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???????. ^[7]

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ?????????? ??? ???? Encyclopædia Britannica Online (??????????)
????? ?????????? ??? ???? NNDB people (??????????)

????? [ ??? ]

^ Dangerfield? George (16 ?????? 1960). "Chancellor Robert R. Livingston of New York" . ??????? ????? . ???? ???? ?????? 2022-05-09 .
^ Brandt? Clare (???? 1987). "Robert R. Livingston, Jr.: The Reluctant Revolutionary" (PDF) . The Hudson Valley Regional Review . ?. 4 ??? 1. ?. 9. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2014-02-11 . ???? ???? ?????? 2022-05-09 .
^ Johnson? Rossiter? Brown? John Howard? ???????? (1906). The Biographical Dictionary of America . Boston: American Biographical Society. ?. VI . ???? ???? ?????? 2022-05-09 . {{ ??????? ????? }}: ?????? ??? ??????? |??????= ?? ?????? ????? ??????? |???= ( ?????? )
^ Schechter? Stephen L.? Tripp? Wendell Edward (1990). [[[:????:GBurl]] World of the Founders: New York Communities in the Federal Period ]. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN : 9780945660026 . {{ ??????? ????? }}: ???? ?? ???? |????= ( ?????? )
^ Robert R. Livingston , Encyclopedia of World Biography .
^ Boyd? Julian Parks? Gawalt? Gerard W. (1999). [[[:????:GBurl]] The Declaration of Independence: The Evolution of the Text ]. Library of Congress. ?. 22. ISBN : 978-0-8444-0980-1 . {{ ??????? ????? }}: ???? ?? ???? |????= ( ?????? )
^ The Louisiana State Capitol Building ???? ?????? December 1, 2007, ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ????? ??????????

[1] Dangerfield? George (16 ?????? 1960). "Chancellor Robert R. Livingston of New York" . ??????? ????? . ???? ???? ?????? 2022-05-09 .

[2] Brandt? Clare (???? 1987). "Robert R. Livingston, Jr.: The Reluctant Revolutionary" (PDF) . The Hudson Valley Regional Review . ?. 4 ??? 1. ?. 9. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2014-02-11 . ???? ???? ?????? 2022-05-09 .

[Biographical-3] Johnson? Rossiter? Brown? John Howard? ???????? (1906). The Biographical Dictionary of America . Boston: American Biographical Society. ?. VI . ???? ???? ?????? 2022-05-09 . {{ ??????? ????? }}: ?????? ??? ??????? |??????= ?? ?????? ????? ??????? |???= ( ?????? )

[4] Schechter? Stephen L.? Tripp? Wendell Edward (1990). [[[:????:GBurl]] World of the Founders: New York Communities in the Federal Period ]. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN : 9780945660026 . {{ ??????? ????? }}: ???? ?? ???? |????= ( ?????? )

[WorldBiog-5] Robert R. Livingston , Encyclopedia of World Biography .

[Boyd1999-6] Boyd? Julian Parks? Gawalt? Gerard W. (1999). [[[:????:GBurl]] The Declaration of Independence: The Evolution of the Text ]. Library of Congress. ?. 22. ISBN : 978-0-8444-0980-1 . {{ ??????? ????? }}: ???? ?? ???? |????= ( ?????? )

[7] The Louisiana State Capitol Building ???? ?????? December 1, 2007, ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]