???? ???????? ??????

??????? ????
???? ?? ?????	????????? ???????? ???????????
????	???????????? ????????? ; ???????? ?????? ???? ??????
?????	??? ??????
????? ?????	3 ????? 1492
????? ????????	15 ???? 1493
????? ????	12 ?????? 1492 : ?????? ?????? ;
???? ???????	????? ?? ?? ???????? (1492)
???? ??????	??? ???????
???? ???????	????? ?? ?? ???????? (1493)
?????????	????? ?????? ?????? ; ?????? ?????? ?????? ; ??????? ?? ??????
???????	Nina (en) ; Pinta (en) ; ????? ?????
??????	???????? ????????

???? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ?? 3 ????? ?? ??? 1492 ?????? ?? 15 ???? ?? ??? 1493 ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ???????.

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ?????? ??:

?????? ???????.
????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? . ^[2]
????? ????????? ????????.
????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????.
?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????? .
????? ?? ??????? ?????? .
????? ?????? ?????? ?????????.

???? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???:

1-????: ????? ??? ???? ?? 100 ?? ???? ????? 24 ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? . ^[3]

2-?????: ????? ??? 140 ???? ???? ????? 27 ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? . ^[4]

3- ????? ????? : ????? ??? 150 ???? ???? ????? 39 ????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ????. ^[5]

?????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? 3 ????? ?? ??? 1492 ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ?? 6 ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ^[6]? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? . ^[7]

???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ^[8]? ??? 7 ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????. ^[9]

??? 10 ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? 11 ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????.

???????? [ ??? ]

?? ???? 11 ?????? ? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????. ^[10]

??? ????? 12 ?????? ?? ??? ????? ^[11]? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??????? . ^[12]^[13]

???? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? 27 ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ? ??? 5 ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? 16 ????? ?? ??? 1493 ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? . ^[14]

???? ????? [ ??? ]

??????? [ ??? ]

^ Encyclopedic lexicon. Volume II, 1835 (????????). {{ ??????? ?????? ????? }}: ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? ( help )
^ by: Thomas Friedman on page 3 The World is Flat
^ "The Nina - Be simple, Be Social" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-08-05 . ???? ???? ?????? 2021-12-11 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ?????? ??? ??????? |accesso= ?? ?????? ????? ??????? |access-date= ( ?????? )? ?????? ??? ??????? |dataarchivio= ?? ?????? ????? ??????? |archive-date= ( ?????? )? ?????? ??? ??????? |lingua= ?? ?????? ????? ??????? |language= ( ?????? )? ?????? ??? ??????? |sito= ?? ?????? ????? ??????? |website= ( ?????? )? ?????? ??? ??????? |urlarchivio= ?? ?????? ????? ??????? |archive-url= ( ?????? )? ?????? ??? ??????? |urlmorto= ?? ?????? ????? ??????? |url-status= ( ?????? )? ? ????? ?????? ?? |urlarchivio= ( ?????? )
^ {{ ??????? ????? }}: ??????? ????! ( ?????? )
^ Si veda
≪Vincent≫ ? p. 52
^
≪Ruggero≫ ? p. 32
.
^ Si ipotizzava che fosse la carta di Toscanelli. Si veda
≪Granzotto≫ ? p. 167
^ In realta non era vero.
^
≪Ruggero≫ ? pp. 36-38
.
^ Trad.Spa.:" Come una piccola candela che si levava e si agitava ".
^
≪Ruggero≫ ? pp. 38-39
La pensione dei 10.000 maravedis annui ando poi a ricompensare Beatrice; non si conosce la fine di Rodrigo. Si veda
≪Granzotto≫ ? p. 175
^
≪Granzotto≫ ? p. 177
.
^ ????? ???? ??????? - ?????? 3 - ?????? 41 ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????.
^ "Cristoforo Colombo, Lettera ai Reali di Spagna" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-04-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2021-12-11 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ?????? ??? ??????? |accesso= ?? ?????? ????? ??????? |access-date= ( ?????? ) ? ?????? ??? ??????? |sito= ?? ?????? ????? ??????? |website= ( ?????? )

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

[8be6dff016c056d083a98597a4d139d7f1597036-1] Encyclopedic lexicon. Volume II, 1835 (????????). {{ ??????? ?????? ????? }}: ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? ( help )

[2] y: Thomas Friedman on page 3 The World is Flat

[Nina-3] "The Nina - Be simple, Be Social" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-08-05 . ???? ???? ?????? 2021-12-11 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ?????? ??? ??????? |accesso= ?? ?????? ????? ??????? |access-date= ( ?????? )? ?????? ??? ??????? |dataarchivio= ?? ?????? ????? ??????? |archive-date= ( ?????? )? ?????? ??? ??????? |lingua= ?? ?????? ????? ??????? |language= ( ?????? )? ?????? ??? ??????? |sito= ?? ?????? ????? ??????? |website= ( ?????? )? ?????? ??? ??????? |urlarchivio= ?? ?????? ????? ??????? |archive-url= ( ?????? )? ?????? ??? ??????? |urlmorto= ?? ?????? ????? ??????? |url-status= ( ?????? )? ? ????? ?????? ?? |urlarchivio= ( ?????? )

[4] {{ ??????? ????? }}: ??????? ????! ( ?????? )

[5] Si veda
≪Vincent≫ ? p. 52

[6] 
≪Ruggero≫ ? p. 32
.

[7] Si ipotizzava che fosse la carta di Toscanelli. Si veda
≪Granzotto≫ ? p. 167

[8] In realta non era vero.

[9] 
≪Ruggero≫ ? pp. 36-38
.

[10] Trad.Spa.:" Come una piccola candela che si levava e si agitava ".

[11] 
≪Ruggero≫ ? pp. 38-39
La pensione dei 10.000 maravedis annui ando poi a ricompensare Beatrice; non si conosce la fine di Rodrigo. Si veda
≪Granzotto≫ ? p. 175

[12] 
≪Granzotto≫ ? p. 177
.

[13] ????? ???? ??????? - ?????? 3 - ?????? 41 ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????.

[Vaccari-14] "Cristoforo Colombo, Lettera ai Reali di Spagna" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-04-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2021-12-11 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ?????? ??? ??????? |accesso= ?? ?????? ????? ??????? |access-date= ( ?????? ) ? ?????? ??? ??????? |sito= ?? ?????? ????? ??????? |website= ( ?????? )

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[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]