?? ?????????? ???????? ?????
???
???? ??? ????
(14 ?????? 1862 - 16 ?????? 1941) ?????? ???
????? ?????????? ??????????
? ???????? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ??
???? ???? ????????
??? ??? 1904 ??? ??? 1928 ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????.
?????? ???????
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???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????
???????
?? 14 ?????? 1862 ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????.
[2]
[3]
??? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????. ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??? 1884 ??? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? (??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????). ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ≪???? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????≫. ???? ???? ??? 1888 ?????? ????? ??????. ??? ???? ??? ??? ???
???? ??????? ?? ???????
? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????.
[4]
??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? 1891 ??? 1896? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??
????? ???????
??? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????. ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? (?????? ???????? ??? ?????). ??? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? 1896 ?
?????? ?? ????
???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????.
???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??? 1897? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??? ??? 1903? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????????. ??? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ??
????? ???????
?? ??? 1904 ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ????????. ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? 1827. ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ≪???? ????? ??????? ???? ???≫. (????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????).
[5]
???? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??
???? ???? ????????
? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???? (?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ?????). ??? ???? ??????? ????? ≪???? ????? ????≫ ?? ???? ????????? (???? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????) ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??? 1928 ??? ????? ≪??? ??? ?????? ???????≫. (??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????).
[6]
???? ??. ??. ????? (???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????) ???? ?????? ≪??? ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????≫. ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ≪??? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????≫. ??? ???? ≪?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??????≫ ???? ??? ≪??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ???????≫. ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????.
???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? 1913 ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ??? 1927. ????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?
????? ??????
??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ≪?? ??? ???? "????? ???????" ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????≫ ?? 16 ????? 1941? ?? ??? ????? 78 ?????.
[7]
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