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??????????? ?????????	14.1.03.001
UBERON ID	0000955
?.?.?.?.	A08.186.211
?.?.?.?.	D001921
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	????? ????? - ?????

???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????.

?????? ^[2] ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ????????? ?????????? . ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? . ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????????? . ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ????? 14-16 ????? ???? ?????? ^[3] ????? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? 55-70 ????? ???? ?????. ^[4] ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ??????. ?????? ??? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????.

?? ??????? ????????????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????. ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ????????? . ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????. ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????.

??? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????. ^[5] ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????.

????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????????? . ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????. ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??????. ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????. ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????.

??????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????. ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????. ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??????. ???? ??? ??? ????????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????. ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ????????? ???????. ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????.

????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???????. ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????. ^[6]

??????? [ ??? ]

?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? (??????? ???? ??????)? ???????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ???. ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????.

???? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????. ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????. ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????. ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????. ^[7]

?????? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???????. ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????. ???? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????. ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ???????. ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????. ^[8]

????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????. ??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????. ??? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ????????. ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????. ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????. ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???????. ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????. ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????. ???????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????. ^[9]

????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? [ ??? ]

??????? ???????? ?? ?????????? (Neurons) ???? ?????????-????? ????? ?????????? - ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ? ????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? (?? ?????? ?? ???????????)? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????.

??????? ??????? ? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? (Neuroglia): ??????? ??????? (astrocytes)? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? (oligodendrocytes)? ??????? ??????? ??????? (ependymal cells)? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????.

?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? (myelin) ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????.

??????? ??????? ??????? (microglia) ? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? 20% ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????.

????? ??????? (meninges) ??? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? : ??????? ??????? (leptomeninges) ?? ?????????? ???????(pia-arachnoid) ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? (pachymeninges) ?? ???? ??????? (dura) ??? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ???????.

????? ???? (Schwann cells) ? ???? ?????? ???????? (myelin) ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????.

??????? ???????? (Choroid plexus) ? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????.

??????? ????????? (Pituitary gland)

? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? (Master gland) ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????????? ? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????.

???????? (hypothalamus) ???? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? (Antidiuretic hormon) ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???????.

?????? ????????? (Pineal gland) ? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ? ????? ?????? ????? ??????????? (melatonin) ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????.

?????? ?????? ???????? (Blood-brain barrier) ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????.

???????? [ ??? ]

????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? 100 ????? ???? ????? . ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? 100 ????? ????? . ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? 05 ?0 ?????? . ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? 300 ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???????.

?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? 15000 ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? 1000 ????. ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? 1300 ??????? ???? ( ?????? ).

?????? ??? ????????? [ ??? ]

?? ???? ?????? ??????????? (??????? ??? ???? ????) ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????: ≪?????≫ ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ????????. ???? ????????? (??????? ???? ???? ????) ??? ?? ??????. ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??????.

?? ???????????. ????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ????. ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????. ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????.

????????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??????? ????????.

?? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????????:

?????? ??????? .
???? ????? .
?????? ??????.

??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????????? . ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????. ??? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? (?? ??????)? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ????????.

?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ??????. ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????. ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????. ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????.

??? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???????. ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????????. ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????. ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????. ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ( ?????????? : Neocortex )? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ????????.

??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ???????. ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????. ???? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????. ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????.

??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? . ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????. ?????? ???????? ????????? ???: ??????? ? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????. ??? ???????? ???????? ???: ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????. ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????????. ^[10]

???? ???? [ ??? ]

????? ????? ?????? ??????

??????? [ ??? ]

^ ^? ^? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????; ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? (1998), Terminologia Anatomica (?????????? ???????????), OCLC : 807417222 , QID : Q286567
^ ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ??????? (8) (???????? ??????????? ?????????)? ????: ???? ????? ??????? ? 1993? ?. 59? OCLC : 929544775 ? QID : Q114972534
^ Saladin? Kenneth (2011). Human anatomy (?. 3rd). McGraw-Hill. ?. 416 . ISBN : 978-0-07-122207-5 .
^ von Bartheld? CS? Bahney? J? Herculano-Houzel? S (15 ?????? 2016). "The search for true numbers of neurons and glial cells in the human brain: A review of 150 years of cell counting" . The Journal of Comparative Neurology . ?. 524 ?. 18: 3865?3895. DOI : 10.1002/cne.24040 . PMC : 5063692 . PMID : 27187682 .
^ Yuste? Rafael? Church? George M. (???? 2014). "The new century of the brain" (PDF) . Scientific American . ?. 310 ?. 3: 38?45. Bibcode : 2014SciAm.310c..38Y . DOI : 10.1038/scientificamerican0314-38 . PMID : 24660326 . ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2014-07-14.
^ Carew? TJ (2000). "Ch. 1" . Behavioral Neurobiology: the Cellular Organization of Natural Behavior . Sinauer Associates. ISBN : 978-0-87893-092-0 .
^ Dafny? N. "Anatomy of the spinal cord" . Neuroscience Online. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2011-10-08 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-10-10 .
^ Gurney? K? Prescott? TJ? Wickens? JR? Redgrave? P (2004). "Computational models of the basal ganglia: from robots to membranes" . Trends in Neurosciences . ?. 27 ?. 8: 453?459. DOI : 10.1016/j.tins.2004.06.003 . PMID : 15271492 . S2CID : 2148363 .
^ Knierim? James. "Motor Cortex (Section 3, Chapter 3)" . Neuroscience Online . Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2022-07-17 . ???? ???? ?????? 2021-01-23 .
^ ???????? ??????? ????????

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ????

???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? - ?????? ???????
????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? - ?????? ???????
???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? - ?????? ???????
???????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? - ?????? ???????
???????? ??????? ????????

[wikidata-a9ecd30a8f48f867b558396a65031ef6e44139f8-1] ? ^? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????; ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? (1998), Terminologia Anatomica (?????????? ???????????), OCLC : 807417222 , QID : Q286567

[2] ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ??????? (8) (???????? ??????????? ?????????)? ????: ???? ????? ??????? ? 1993? ?. 59? OCLC : 929544775 ? QID : Q114972534

[Saladin112-3] Saladin? Kenneth (2011). Human anatomy (?. 3rd). McGraw-Hill. ?. 416 . ISBN : 978-0-07-122207-5 .

[JCN2-4] von Bartheld? CS? Bahney? J? Herculano-Houzel? S (15 ?????? 2016). "The search for true numbers of neurons and glial cells in the human brain: A review of 150 years of cell counting" . The Journal of Comparative Neurology . ?. 524 ?. 18: 3865?3895. DOI : 10.1002/cne.24040 . PMC : 5063692 . PMID : 27187682 .

[5] Yuste? Rafael? Church? George M. (???? 2014). "The new century of the brain" (PDF) . Scientific American . ?. 310 ?. 3: 38?45. Bibcode : 2014SciAm.310c..38Y . DOI : 10.1038/scientificamerican0314-38 . PMID : 24660326 . ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2014-07-14.

[CarewCh1-6] Carew? TJ (2000). "Ch. 1" . Behavioral Neurobiology: the Cellular Organization of Natural Behavior . Sinauer Associates. ISBN : 978-0-87893-092-0 .

[7] Dafny? N. "Anatomy of the spinal cord" . Neuroscience Online. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2011-10-08 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-10-10 .

[8] Gurney? K? Prescott? TJ? Wickens? JR? Redgrave? P (2004). "Computational models of the basal ganglia: from robots to membranes" . Trends in Neurosciences . ?. 27 ?. 8: 453?459. DOI : 10.1016/j.tins.2004.06.003 . PMID : 15271492 . S2CID : 2148363 .

[9] Knierim? James. "Motor Cortex (Section 3, Chapter 3)" . Neuroscience Online . Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2022-07-17 . ???? ???? ?????? 2021-01-23 .

[10] ???????? ??????? ????????

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

? ? ? ???? : ???? ????
??? ??????	???????? ?????????? ; ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ? ??????? ( Habenular nuclei )
??? ??????	anterior: ?????? ???????? ???????? ^{[???? ????]}‏ ? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ? Preoptic area ? Supraoptic nucleus ? ???? ??? ???????? intermediate/middle/tuberal/pituitary: ????? ?????? ? ????? ????? ? ???? ????? ? Ventromedial nucleus ? Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus ? ???? ?????? ^{[???? ????]}‏? ??? ?????? ( ?????? ?????? ? ????? ???????? ??????? ) posterior/lateral: posterior nucleus ? ??? ???? ? ???? ????? ????: ???? ?????? ??????? ???????
???? ????	???? ???? ?????? ? ????? ????? ? Thalamic fasciculus ? ???? ?????
Thalamus / nuclei	Ventral nuclear group ( VA / VL , VP / VPM / ???? ??????? ???-?????? VPL ) ? MD ? AN ? LNG ( Pulvinar ) ? Intralaminar nucleus ( Centromedian nucleus ) ? Midline nuclear group ? Thalamic reticular nucleus ? ?????? ?????? ^{[???? ????]}‏ ( ???? ????? ????? ? LG ) ? ??????? ??? ????????
???? ????	recesses: ( ??? ???? ? ????? ?????? ? ????? ??? ????????? ^{[???? ????]}‏? ??? ??????? ) ? ??? ??? ??????
????	Interventricular foramina ? ?????? ????? ? ??? ??? ????? ? Mammillothalamic tract

? ? ? ???? : ???? ????
???? ?????? / ??? ??????	anterior/ventral: ???? ????? ^{[???? ????]}‏ ? Pyramid ( Decussation ) ? ??? ?????? ? ?????? ????????? ??????? ^{[???? ????]}‏ ? Anterior median fissure ? ???? ????? posterior/dorsal: ???? ????? / tract ? XII , X: Dorsal ^{[???? ????]}‏ ? ??? ???? ? IX: Inferior salivatory nucleus ? Gracile nucleus / ?????? ????????? ^{[???? ????]}‏/ ???? ??????? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ^{[???? ????]}‏ ? ???? ????? raphe/reticular: Sensory decussation ? ???? ???? ( ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ? Parvocellular reticular nucleus ? Ventral reticular nucleus ? Lateral reticular nucleus ? Paramedian reticular nucleus ) ? Raphe nuclei ( Obscurus ? Magnus ? Pallidus ) tracts: ???? ???? ????? ( ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ^{[???? ????]}‏, ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ^{[???? ????]}‏) ? ????? ?????? ????? ? Olivocerebellar tract ? ?????? ??????? ??????? ( Dorsal , ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ^{[???? ????]}‏) ? ???? ????? ????? ? PCML ( ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ^{[???? ????]}‏, ??????? ??????? ??????? ^{[???? ????]}‏, ???? ???? ) ? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ( ???? ?????? ????? , ?????? ???????? ??????? , ?????? ?????? ??????? ^{[???? ????]}‏)
???? ???? / ??? (?????)	anterior/ventral: ???? ?????? ???? ? Basis pontis ( ??? ????? ? ????? ?????? ?????? ) posterior/dorsal: ??????? ??????? ( ????? ???????? ^{[???? ????]}‏, ?????? ??????? ?????? ^{[???? ????]}‏, ???? ???? , ?????? ????????? ??????? ^{[???? ????]}‏, Vestibulocerebellar tract ? V Principal ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? & ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ? ???? ????? ? ?????? ??????? ????? ? VII: Superior salivary nucleus ) ? VIII-c ( Dorsal ? Anterior )/ ??? ??????? ( ???? ??????? ????? ? ???? ??????? ????? ? ???? ??????? ????? ? ???? ??????? ????? ) raphe/reticular: ???? ???? ( Caudal pontine reticular nucleus ? Oral pontine reticular nucleus ? Tegmental pontine reticular nucleus ? Paramedian pontine reticular formation ) ? Median raphe nucleus ???? ??? ?????? ? ???? ?????
???? ???? / ????	???? ?????? ? ????? (?.?????) ^{[???? ????]}‏ ? ???? ?????? (?????) ? ???????? ?????????? ? ?????? ??????? ?????? ^{[???? ????]}‏ Molecular layer ( ??????? ??????? , ???? ????? ?????? ^{[???? ????]}‏, Parallel fiber ) ? Purkinje cell layer ( ???? ?????? ) ? Granule cell layer ( Golgi cell ) ? Mossy fibers ? Climbing fiber ??? ?????? ????? ( ?????? ??????? ? ?????? ???? ????? , ?????? ??????? ^{[???? ????]}‏, Fastigial )
???? ????	apertures ( ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ?????? ) ? ???? ?????? ( Vagal trigone ? Hypoglossal trigone ? ????? (?????) , ????? ?????? ^{[???? ????]}‏, ????? ????? ?????? ^{[???? ????]}‏, Medial eminence ) ? Lateral recess

????????? ??????	???? ????? ???????? ?????? (MeSH) : D001921
???????? ????????	???? ?????? ?????? ??????? (NCI) : C12439 ???? ????? ?????? ??????? (UMLS CUI) : C0006104 ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? (BNCF) : 48464 ?????? ??????? (USDA NALT) : 19222 ????? (JSTOR) : brain