?????? ???????
????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ????????
?????????
??
?????
/?????????? ??
????????
. ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ???
?????? ??????????
???????????
. ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???
???????
??????? ????????
???? ????????
????????? ????????
???????
??????????
???????
? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????. ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???
??????
??????? ?? ???????.
??????? ???????
[
???
]
?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????. ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????. ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????. ???? ?????? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??
??????? ????????
??????
?????? ???????
???? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????
????? ?????????
??
???????
?????
.
??? ??? ??????? ????
????? ????
?????? ???????
?????? ?????? ?? ???????
?????? ?? ??????????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ???????. ????????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????. ??? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????. ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????????. ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????
????? ???????
.
??? ????
????? ????
?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????.
[1]
??? ??? 1950? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? (FAFP) ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????. ??? ??? 1953 ???? ??? 1966? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? 270 ????? ????? ?????? ?? 34 ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????????. ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????.
[2]
??? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????.
??? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? 1957? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? 1965? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? 125 ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????.
?????? ?? ??????
[
???
]
??? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????. ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??
????? ??????????? ????????
? ???
???? ????????? ?????????
???? ??? ?? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????.
[3]
????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????.
[4]
??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????.
[5]
????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????????.
[6]
??????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????: ?? ??? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????
[7]
???? ????
??????? ????????
? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ??????? ??? ≪??????? ????????????.≫ ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????
?????
????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???????.
[8]
?????? ?????? ???????
[
???
]
??? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???:
- ???????? ?????????
- ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????????
- ???????? ????????? (??
???????? ???????
? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???
?????? ????????
??????? ???????? ???????.)
- ???????? ????????? ?? ????????
- ???????? ????????? ?????????
- ?????? ???????
- ???????? ???????? ?????????
- ???????? ???????
- ?????? ?????
- ?????? ?????????? ????????
- ???????? ????????? ?????????
- ???????? ????????
- ???????? ???????? ????????
- ?????? ????? ?????? (?? ?????? ????? ??????)
- ?????? ??? ????
- ??? ??????? ???????
(
???????? ???????
)
- ??? ??????? ????????? (???????? ?????????)
- ?????? ?????? (??? ??????)
- ?????? ?????? (??? ??????)
- ??? ??????? ??????? (???????? ???????)
- ???????? ?????????
- ???????? ???????
- ?????? ????????
- ?????? ???? ????
- ???????? (???????? ???????)
- ?????? ???? ??? ????
- ?????? ?????
- ???????? ???????????
- ?????? ??????
- ?????? ???
- ?????? ???????
- ?????? ?????
- ?????? ??????
- ???????? ?????????
- ?????? ??????
- ?????? ???????
- ???????? ?????????
- ???????? ??????????
- ???????? ?????????
- ???????? ?????????
- ???????? ?????????
- ???????? ??????????
- ???????? ????????????
- ???????? ????????
- ???????? ???????
- ?????? ??????? ???????
- ???????? ??????????????
- ???????? ??????? (????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????)
- ?????? ?????????
- ???????? ??????????
- ???????? ????????????
???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ≪???????? ??? ???????≫
(POINTS - ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????)
.
??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????? (???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????) ????????? ??????? (??? ?? ??? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????) ????? ??
?????? ???????
? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ????.
?????? ?????? ???????
[
???
]
??? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? (??????? ??????) ??????? ??????? ???? ???
???? ???????? ??????? ??????????
? ??? ??? ??
????? ????
? ??
????? ????? ???????? ????????
?? ???????. ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??
????? ???????
?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????.
???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????.
????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? (GIGA) (?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????) ?? ???????.
???? ?????
[
???
]
- ???????? ????????
- ???????? ???????
- ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????? (IATIS)
- ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????????
- ???????
- ^
Ellen Condliffe Lagemann,
The Politics of Knowledge: The Carnegie Corporation, Philanthropy, and Public Policy
(University of Chicago Press, 1992), p. 178.
- ^
David L. Szanton, "The Origin, Nature and Challenges of Area Studies in the United States," in
The Politics of Knowledge: Area Studies and the Disciplines
, ed. David L. Szanton (University of California Press, 2004), pp. 10-11.
- ^
See Bruce Cumings, "Boundary Displacement: Area Studies and International Studies during and after the Cold War," in
Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars
29 (1997).
http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/cumings2.htm
???? ??????
21 ?????? 2021 ??? ????
??? ??? ????
.. Retrieved 2009-04-23.
- ^
See Patrick O'Meara, "Changing perspectives on international education", (Indiana University Press 2010), pp. 81.
- ^
Moseley, W.G. 2009. “Area Studies in a Global Context.” Chronicle of Higher Education. Nov 29.
http://chronicle.com/article/Area-Studies-in-a-Global-Co/49284/
???? ??????
2020-09-18 ??? ????
??? ??? ????
.
- ^
See "Rational Choice Theory," by John Scott, in
Understanding Contemporary Society: Theories of The Present
, edited by G. Browning, A. Halcli, and F. Webster (Sage Publications, 2000).
http://privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~scottj/socscot7.htm
. Retrieved 2009-04-23.
???? ??????
2011-09-27 ??? ????
??? ??? ????
.
- ^
See Chalmers Johnson and E. B. Keehn, "A Disaster in the Making: Rational Choice and Asian Studies,"
The National Interest
36 (summer 1994), pp. 14-22.
- ^
See Cumings article, cited above.
? ?????? ????
|
---|
|
?????
| |
---|
????? ????????
| |
---|
??????? ????
| |
---|
|