???? ????
????? ?????? ???????? ????????
??????? ???? ????
? ??? ??
????? ????
???? ???
??????? ??????? ????????
? ??? ??? ?????? 1850? ??
??? ?????
? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??
????? ????
??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????????.
[2]
????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????.
??????? ????????
[
???
]
????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????
????????
? ??? ??? ??
????????
?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???
??????? ???????
?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? -??? ???? ???? ????- ????? ???
???
??? ??? ???? ???
??? ???
??????? ??
?????? ??? ?????
????? ????? ????
???.
????? ??????? ??? ?? ???????
[
???
]
- ???
: ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???????: ???
????
. ??? ???? ???????? ????? ????
????? ??????
.
[3]
- ???? ??????
: ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????.
[4]
- ???? ?? ?????
: ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????
?????
????????
.
[4]
- ???? ?????
: ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????
??? ??????
?????? ???? ??????
?????
????????
? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? 1404 ??.
[4]
- ???? ????
: ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? 1404 ??? ???????? ?? ?????
??? ?? ??? ??????
?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????.
[4]
????? ???????
[
???
]
????? ???
????? ??? ??????
??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? (???? ????) ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????
??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????
??? ?????
?????? ????
? ????? ???? ?????
???? ?? ??? ??????
???????
???? ?? ???
??????
???? ?? ??? ??????
.
????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????
????? ????? ???? ????????
?????? ???? ????
????? ????? ???? ??????
.
??????
[
???
]
??????
[
???
]
????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? 275 ??? ?? ?????.
?????? ????????
[
???
]
??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???
????? ????
?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????
???????
??????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????
???? ????
?
???? ????
??????? ???? ?????? 2000 ??? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ????
????? ????
25 ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? 42 ? 42 ???? ??? 18 ? 18.
???????
[
???
]
????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? (?????) ????? (????)? ???? ???? ???? (??? ??????)? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????.
????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? 1000 ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????.
???????
[
???
]
?? ??? ???????? ????????
??????
??????
???????
??????
?????? ??????? ???
??????
??????
???????
??????
????????
. ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ????????. ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????.
???????
[
???
]
???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????
????? ??????? ??????? ????????
???? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ???????.
[9]
??????? ????????? ????????? ?????????
[
???
]
???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???
?????? ?????????
? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????
???????
. ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????.
??? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????
?????
??????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? (????? ?????? ??????) ??? ???????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? (????????) ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????
???????
????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????.
??? ??????? ????????
[
???
]
??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? (???????) ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????.
[10]
????? ??????? ???????? ???????
[
???
]
???? ?????? ????? ???:
- ????? ???????: ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????????.
- ????? ???????: ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????.
- ????? ??????: ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????.
- ????? ??????: ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????.
- ????? ?????????: ???? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????.
???? ???????? ????????
[
???
]
?? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???
2019
.
[11]
[12]
???? ??? ???? ????????
[
???
]
??? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???
1418??
.
???????
[
???
]
??????? ??????
[
???
]
??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??
????? ????
??? ??? ??? ?? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?????????.
???? ?????????? ????????:
- ?????? ???? ???? ?????
- ?????? ?????? ????????
- ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????
- ?????? ????? ???? ??????? - ??????? ????????
??? ???????? ?????? ?????:
- ???????? ??????? ????????
- ?????? ?????
- ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ????
- ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????
- ?????? ?????? ??????
- ?????? ??????
- ???? ?????? ?????
???????
[
???
]
- ????? ????? ????
- ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????
- ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????
- ???? ??????? ???????? ????????
???????
[
???
]
????? ????? ???? ???? ?????
???? ???
??? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ??
????? ?????
??? ?????? ??????
???? ?????
????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??
????? ?????????? ??????? ??? 2000
?? ?????
?????
??????????. ?? ????
400 ??? ?????
.
??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????
??? ???????
????? ??????
????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????.
???? ?????
[
???
]
???????
[
???
]