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	????? ????? - ?????

??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????????. ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????. ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? 1200 ?????? ?????? ???????. ^[1] ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ? ?? ??????? ? ?? ????? ????? (??? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ). ^[2] ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? .

?? ???????? [ ??? ]

?? ??????????? ???????????? ? ???? ?????????? ? ?? ≪????????????≫ ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ( ?????? ) ???. ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????. ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????. ^[3]^[4]

?? ??? 1028 ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????????. ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????????. ^[5]^[6] ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???????. ??? ???? ?? ????? ≪????? ?????? ????????≫ ?? ??? 1555? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????:

≪????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? 200 ???? ???? 20 ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????. ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ????????. ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????. ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????. ^[7]^[8]≫

???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? (???? ?? ????) ??? ?????? ???? ?????? (????? ????????? ??????). ??? ???????? ? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? .

?? ?????? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ≪??????? ????? ???????≫ ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? 1:21. ????? ??? ????? 9:3 ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ????.

??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ???? ???? ???? 114 ??? (35 ?) "?????????" ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? 1845. ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????????? .

???? ??? ? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???. ?? ??? 6 ????? 1734? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ≪?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???. ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????. ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????. ????? ??????? ???? ?????. ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????≫. (???????? ?????? 1997)

?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?? 1638. ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? 1817 ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? Scoliophis atlanticus? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????. ^[9] ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? 1818 ??? ??? ???????. ^[10] ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???????.

???? ????????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? 1848 ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? 60 ???? (18 ????)? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ≪??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ????≫. ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????. ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????. ^[11]

???? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ??? 1850 ??? ??????? ≪????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????≫. ?????? ???? ?? ?????? 1871? ??? ???? ≪??? ??? ???? ?????≫ ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ≪????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??????≫. ^[12]

??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? 1905 ????? ????? ????????. ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ????-?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????. ????? ????? (??? ?????? ???????)? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ???????. ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???????.

?? 25 ????? ??? 1977? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????. ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???????. ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????.

?? 31 ?????? 1983? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? 100 ??? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ??????????. ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??????. ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? 100 ????? ?? ??????. ???? ???? "??? ????? ?? ????? ????. ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????". ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????. ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? 45-50 ???? ?? ??????." ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ????. ????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????. ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? 65 ???? ?? ??????. ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???. ????? ??????? ???? "??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???????. ??? ???? ???? 15 ?? 20 ???? ??? ?????". ^[13]^[14]^[15]

?? 5 ?????? 1985? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? 20 ???? ?? ???? ???????. ????? ?????? ????? 07:45 ????? ????? ?????? ?????. ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????. ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ???. ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???????. ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???. ???? ???? ≪??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????. ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???????≫. ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? 60 ???? ??? ?????. ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????. ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???????. ??? ???: ≪?????? ???? ??? ???????. ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????. ????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????????≫. ??? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????. ^[16]^[17]

??????? ????? [ ??? ]

??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????? (??????? ?????????)? ????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????. ^[18]

?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????. ?? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?????.

???? ????? [ ??? ]

????? [ ??? ]

^ Bruce Champagne. Craig Heinselman (??????). "A Preliminary Evaluation of a Study of the Morphology, Behavior, Autoecology, and Habitat of Large, Unidentified Marine Animals, Based on Recorded Field Observations" (PDF) . Crypto . Dracontology ?. 1: 99?118. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2018-09-30 . ???? ???? ?????? 2010-01-12 .
^ Sue Hamilton, Monsters , page 24 ( ABDO Publishing Company , 2007). ISBN 978-1-59928-771-3
^ "Sea Serpent?" . By ??? ??? ??? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-10-25 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-08-21 .
^ "The Unexplained Mystery of the Sea Serpent" . By Crypted Chronicles (March 18, 2012). ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-12-18 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-08-21 .
^ "Ormen i Syltefjellet" [en]. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-10-23 . ???? ???? ?????? 2020-01-02 .
^ "Galleri NOR" . Nb.no. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-09-26 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-07-10 .
^ "Norse Mythology - Jormungandr" . By Oracle Thinkquest . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-10-25 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-08-21 .
^ Water Monsters . Gail B. Stewart (author of the book) of ??? ???? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-04-14 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-08-21 .
^ Linnaean Society of New England (1817). Report of a Committee of the Linnaean Society of New England, relative to a large marine animal, supposed to be a serpent, seen near Cape Ann, Massachusetts, in August 1817 . Boston: Cummings and Hilliard. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2022-06-30.
^ Soini, Wayne. Gloucester's Sea Serpent . Charleston, S.C.: History Press, 2010. ISBN 978-1-59629-461-5 .
^ Eyers, Jonathan (2011). Don't Shoot the Albatross!: Nautical Myths and Superstitions . A&C Black, London, UK. ISBN 978-1-4081-3131-2 .
^ Parsons? Michael. "Possible Ireland's Loch Ness monster resurfaces after 144 years" . Irish Times . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-02-16 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-08-10 .
^ "Sea Serpent Caught on Paper", "San Francisco Chronicle" (3 November 1983) P. ?.
^ "Coastal Post, Vol. 8, NO. 45" (7 November 1983) p. ?.
^ "Stinson Sea Serpent Spurs Skepticism", "Point Reyes Light" (14 November 1983) P. ?.
^ "Twins Sight Sea Serpent '60 Feet Long' off Marina". "San Francisco Examiner" (20 February 1985) P. 3.
^ "Is Bay Snake The Coastal Sea Serpent?", "Coastal Post" (Vol. 10, Number 8, 25February - 4March 1985) P. ?.
^ "The UnMuseum - Sea Monsters that Weren't" . unmuseum.org . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-10-05.

?????? ???? [ ??? ]

Coleman? Loren? Huyghe? Patrick (2003). The Field Guide to Lake Monsters, Sea Serpents, and Other Mystery Denizens of the Deep . New York: Jeremy P. Tarcher. ISBN : 1-58542-252-5 .
Heuvelmans? Bernard (1968). In the Wake of the Sea-Serpents . Hill and Wang.
Oudemans? A. C. (1892). The Great Sea Serpent (PDF) . Luzac & Co. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2019-06-04.
Mare?, J. (1997). Sv?t tajemnych zvi?at (?????????). ???? . ISBN : 80-85916-16-9 . {{ ??????? ????? }}: ????? ?????????: ???? ???? ???? ( link )

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

Video of the oarfish , a creature that inspired the sea serpent mythology.
The Cryptid Zoo: Sea Serpents
A sea serpent in Iceland
Clark brothers blog about sightings of sea serpents in and near SF Bay

??? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? :

??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????.

[1] Bruce Champagne. Craig Heinselman (??????). "A Preliminary Evaluation of a Study of the Morphology, Behavior, Autoecology, and Habitat of Large, Unidentified Marine Animals, Based on Recorded Field Observations" (PDF) . Crypto . Dracontology ?. 1: 99?118. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2018-09-30 . ???? ???? ?????? 2010-01-12 .

[2] Sue Hamilton, Monsters , page 24 ( ABDO Publishing Company , 2007). ISBN 978-1-59928-771-3

[3] "Sea Serpent?" . By ??? ??? ??? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-10-25 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-08-21 .

[4] "The Unexplained Mystery of the Sea Serpent" . By Crypted Chronicles (March 18, 2012). ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-12-18 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-08-21 .

[5] "Ormen i Syltefjellet" [en]. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-10-23 . ???? ???? ?????? 2020-01-02 .

[6] "Galleri NOR" . Nb.no. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-09-26 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-07-10 .

[7] "Norse Mythology - Jormungandr" . By Oracle Thinkquest . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-10-25 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-08-21 .

[8] Water Monsters . Gail B. Stewart (author of the book) of ??? ???? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-04-14 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-08-21 .

[9] Linnaean Society of New England (1817). Report of a Committee of the Linnaean Society of New England, relative to a large marine animal, supposed to be a serpent, seen near Cape Ann, Massachusetts, in August 1817 . Boston: Cummings and Hilliard. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2022-06-30.

[Soini-10] Soini, Wayne. Gloucester's Sea Serpent . Charleston, S.C.: History Press, 2010. ISBN 978-1-59629-461-5 .

[11] Eyers, Jonathan (2011). Don't Shoot the Albatross!: Nautical Myths and Superstitions . A&C Black, London, UK. ISBN 978-1-4081-3131-2 .

[12] Parsons? Michael. "Possible Ireland's Loch Ness monster resurfaces after 144 years" . Irish Times . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-02-16 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-08-10 .

[13] "Sea Serpent Caught on Paper", "San Francisco Chronicle" (3 November 1983) P. ?.

[14] "Coastal Post, Vol. 8, NO. 45" (7 November 1983) p. ?.

[15] "Stinson Sea Serpent Spurs Skepticism", "Point Reyes Light" (14 November 1983) P. ?.

[16] "Twins Sight Sea Serpent '60 Feet Long' off Marina". "San Francisco Examiner" (20 February 1985) P. 3.

[17] "Is Bay Snake The Coastal Sea Serpent?", "Coastal Post" (Vol. 10, Number 8, 25February - 4March 1985) P. ?.

[18] "The UnMuseum - Sea Monsters that Weren't" . unmuseum.org . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-10-05.

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