?????

??????? ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ^[1]? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? (governance) ?? ??????? (gouvernance)? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? . ^[2]^[3]^[4] ???? ????? ≪???????≫ ??? ??? ????? (?? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ).

???????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???????. ??? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????. ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????. ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????.

??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????????. ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????.

?? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ? ≪???????≫ ?? ?? ???? ?? ≪???????≫ ?? ?????. ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? - ?????? (???? ?????)? ?? ????? ?????? (???? ?????)? ?? ????? ???????? - ?????? (?????? ????? ???)? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????????. ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? (???? ??????) ???? ???? ???? ????????. ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ≪?????? ??????? ???????? ??????≫.

??? ?????? [ ??? ]

??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? (κυβερν?ω, kubernao) ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????. ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????. ??? ????????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? (??? ??????) "governance of the realm" ?? ????? ?????? ?????? . ???????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? . ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? (????? ?? ????? ????? ??????) ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? (1851?1927) ?? ????? The Governance of England ????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? 1885 ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? (????) ??? ??? The Difference between an Absolute and a Limited Monarchy (????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????). ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???.

??? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????????? 1990 ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ^[5]? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????????.

???????? ???????? [ ??? ]

?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? (?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??. ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? (?????? ????? ?? ???????) ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????.

??? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????.

??????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????. ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????.

?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????.

???? ????? [ ??? ]

??????? [ ??? ]

^ ???? ???? ????????????? ???????
^ Eriksson? Erik C.? Westerberg? Mats (2011). "Effects of cooperative procurement procedures on construction project performance: A conceptual framework". International Journal of Project Management . ?. 29 ?. 2: 197?208. DOI : 10.1016/j.ijproman.2010.01.003 .
^ Etymologie du terme "gouvernance" , document prepared by the ???????? ????????? . ???? ?????? 2017-10-14 ?? Wayback Machine
^ "World Governance Index 2009 Report" . World Governance. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-09-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-02-03 .
^ "Etymologie du terme "gouvernance", document prepared by the European Commission" (PDF) . ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2017-10-14.

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ?????

[1] ???? ???? ????????????? ???????

[2] Eriksson? Erik C.? Westerberg? Mats (2011). "Effects of cooperative procurement procedures on construction project performance: A conceptual framework". International Journal of Project Management . ?. 29 ?. 2: 197?208. DOI : 10.1016/j.ijproman.2010.01.003 .

[3] Etymologie du terme "gouvernance" , document prepared by the ???????? ????????? . ???? ?????? 2017-10-14 ?? Wayback Machine

[4] "World Governance Index 2009 Report" . World Governance. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-09-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-02-03 .

[5] "Etymologie du terme "gouvernance", document prepared by the European Commission" (PDF) . ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2017-10-14.

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