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???? ??????? ???????? ??? 959-1015 ? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? 1016-1117 ?. ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? 1650 ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????. ???? ????? ?????? ???????? (??????) ??? ??????? ??????. ??? ??? 1889 ????? ????? ?? ??? ???????????? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????. ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? 1919. ????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??? 1920 ?? ????? 6509 ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ? ?????? ? ???????? ???????? . ^[3]

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?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????. ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????. ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? 16-17 ???? 1988. ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? 3200-5000 ????? ???? 7000-10000 ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????.

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????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? (??????? ?????? ???????).
?????? ??????? ????? ???? ? ???? ???????? ??? 1944.
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????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? 1988 ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?????????
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^ "???? ????? ?? GeoNames ID" . GeoNames ID . ???? ???? ?????? 2024-06-11 .
^ "????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??????, ???????????" . archive.aawsat.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-02-28 . ???? ???? ?????? 2023-01-05 .
^ ^? ^? ^? ^? Admin, UoH (14 Dec 2021). "Halabja City" . University of Halabja (??????????? ?????????). Archived from the original on 2023-02-20 . Retrieved 2023-01-05 .

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[GeoNames_ID-1] "???? ????? ?? GeoNames ID" . GeoNames ID . ???? ???? ?????? 2024-06-11 .

[2] "????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??????, ???????????" . archive.aawsat.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-02-28 . ???? ???? ?????? 2023-01-05 .

[:0-3] ? ^? ^? ^? Admin, UoH (14 Dec 2021). "Halabja City" . University of Halabja (??????????? ?????????). Archived from the original on 2023-02-20 . Retrieved 2023-01-05 .

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