?? ???????

??????? ????
??? ???? ??	eligibility (en) ; electoral restriction (en) ; ???
??? ??	?????????
???? ??? ?? ?????	?????? ; ?? ???????? ; residency (en)

?? ??????? ?? ?? ???????? ? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????. ^[1]^[2]^[3] ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ≪?? ??????? ??????≫? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???????. ^[4] ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ??????. ^[5]

??? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??????????? ?????????? . ?? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ?????. ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????.

?? ???? ?????????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????. ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????????. ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????? ? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????.

????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ????????? . ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????. ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? . ^[6]^[7]^[8]

??? ??????? [ ??? ]

??? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ???????? ( suffrage ) ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ???????. ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????????. ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ≪???????≫? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ????. ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????. ^[9]^[10] ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ???????. ^[11]

??????? [ ??? ]

??????? ????? [ ??? ]

????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????. ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????????.

???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? (1755-1769) ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???????? 25 ?????.

??? 1819? ????? ??? 60 ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????????. ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????. ^[12] ????? ??? ???? ≪??????≫ ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???????.

???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??? 1871? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? 1889. ??? 1840? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????. ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? 1893. ^[13]^[14]

?? ?????? ?? ??????? [ ??? ]

?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??????. ^[15] ??? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????. ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? 1776? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????. ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? :

≪???? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? 12 ????? ??? ??????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????≫.

?? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? 1844 ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????. ^[16]

??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? 1840? ????? ?? ????? ??? 1852. ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ???. ???? 1893? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????. ^[17] ??? ??? 1894? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????. ?? ???????????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????.

??????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????????. ??????? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????. ??????? ????? ??????????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???????. ^[18]

??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????. ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????. ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????. ^[19]

???????? ???????? [ ??? ]

????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????. ^[20]

???????? ??? ??????? [ ??? ]

?? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????. ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???. ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????.

???????? ???????? [ ??? ]

???? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????. ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? 32 ?????. ^[21]

????? ??????? [ ??? ]

?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????????.

???? ????? [ ??? ]

????? [ ??? ]

^ ????:AHDict
^ "Definition of "suffrage" ? Collins English Dictionary" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-06-07 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-07-28 .
^ "suffrage ? definition of suffrage in English from the Oxford dictionary" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-04-13 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-07-28 .
^ "Deprivation of the Right to Vote" . ACE Electoral Knowledge Network . Aceproject.org. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-05-23.
^ Gianoulis? Tina (2015). "Women's Suffrage Movement" (PDF) . glbtq. ????? (PDF) ?? ????? ?? 2019-03-29.
^ "Who is eligible to vote at a UK general election??" . The Electoral Commission. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-06-07
^ "Can I vote??" . European Parliament Information Office in the United Kingdom. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-02-16
^ "Why Can Commonwealth Citizens Vote in the U.K.? An Expat Asks" . The Wall Street Journal . 27 ????? 2015. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-08-07 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-02-09 .
^ "LacusCurtius ? Voting in Ancient Rome ? Suffragium (Smith's Dictionary, 1875)" . Penelope.uchicago.edu. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-05-31 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-06-21 .
^ G. E. M. de Ste. Croix (???? 1954)? "Suffragium: From Vote to Patronage"? The British Journal of Sociology ? ???? ???? ???????? ? ?. 5? ?. 33?48? DOI : 10.2307/588044 ? JSTOR : 588044
^ "Suffrage" . Merriam-webster.com. 31 ????? 2012. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-08-09 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-06-21 .
^ Poole? Robert (????? 2006). " 'By the Law or the Sword': Peterloo Revisited". History . ?. 2 ?. 302: 254?276. DOI : 10.1111/j.1468-229X.2006.00366.x . JSTOR : 24427836 .
^ Nohlen, Dieter (2001). "Elections in Asia and the Pacific: South East Asia, East Asia, and the South Pacific". p. 14. Oxford University Press, 2001
^ A. Kulinski, K. Pawlowski. "The Atlantic Community ? The Titanic of the XXI Century". p. 96. WSB-NLU. 2010
^ "Definition of SUFFRAGE" . www.merriam-webster.com (???????????). Archived from the original on 2020-08-09 . Retrieved 2019-07-01 .
^ "The New Jersey Constitution of 1776" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-03-21 . ???? ???? ?????? 2006-12-17 .
^ "Votes for Women" . Electoral Commission of New Zealand. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-08-19 . ???? ???? ?????? 2020-08-11 .
^ "Opposition to Suffrage" . History of U.S. Woman's Suffrage (??????????? ?????????). Archived from the original on 2020-08-12 . Retrieved 2019-04-04 .
^ "12 Cruel Anti-Suffragette Cartoons" . mentalfloss.com (???????????). 21 Jun 2015. Archived from the original on 2020-06-30 . Retrieved 2019-04-04 .
^ "Definition: suffrage" . Websters Dictionary. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2011-06-28 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-10-24 .
^ "CIA:The World Factbook" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2008-01-09 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-05-22 .

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ?? ???????

[1] ????:AHDict

[2] "Definition of "suffrage" ? Collins English Dictionary" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-06-07 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-07-28 .

[3] "suffrage ? definition of suffrage in English from the Oxford dictionary" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-04-13 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-07-28 .

[4] "Deprivation of the Right to Vote" . ACE Electoral Knowledge Network . Aceproject.org. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-05-23.

[5] Gianoulis? Tina (2015). "Women's Suffrage Movement" (PDF) . glbtq. ????? (PDF) ?? ????? ?? 2019-03-29.

[6] "Who is eligible to vote at a UK general election??" . The Electoral Commission. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-06-07

[7] "Can I vote??" . European Parliament Information Office in the United Kingdom. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-02-16

[8] "Why Can Commonwealth Citizens Vote in the U.K.? An Expat Asks" . The Wall Street Journal . 27 ????? 2015. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-08-07 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-02-09 .

[latin-9] "LacusCurtius ? Voting in Ancient Rome ? Suffragium (Smith's Dictionary, 1875)" . Penelope.uchicago.edu. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-05-31 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-06-21 .

[10] G. E. M. de Ste. Croix (???? 1954)? "Suffragium: From Vote to Patronage"? The British Journal of Sociology ? ???? ???? ???????? ? ?. 5? ?. 33?48? DOI : 10.2307/588044 ? JSTOR : 588044

[11] "Suffrage" . Merriam-webster.com. 31 ????? 2012. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-08-09 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-06-21 .

[12] Poole? Robert (????? 2006). " 'By the Law or the Sword': Peterloo Revisited". History . ?. 2 ?. 302: 254?276. DOI : 10.1111/j.1468-229X.2006.00366.x . JSTOR : 24427836 .

[13] Nohlen, Dieter (2001). "Elections in Asia and the Pacific: South East Asia, East Asia, and the South Pacific". p. 14. Oxford University Press, 2001

[14] A. Kulinski, K. Pawlowski. "The Atlantic Community ? The Titanic of the XXI Century". p. 96. WSB-NLU. 2010

[15] "Definition of SUFFRAGE" . www.merriam-webster.com (???????????). Archived from the original on 2020-08-09 . Retrieved 2019-07-01 .

[16] "The New Jersey Constitution of 1776" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-03-21 . ???? ???? ?????? 2006-12-17 .

[17] "Votes for Women" . Electoral Commission of New Zealand. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-08-19 . ???? ???? ?????? 2020-08-11 .

[18] "Opposition to Suffrage" . History of U.S. Woman's Suffrage (??????????? ?????????). Archived from the original on 2020-08-12 . Retrieved 2019-04-04 .

[19] "12 Cruel Anti-Suffragette Cartoons" . mentalfloss.com (???????????). 21 Jun 2015. Archived from the original on 2020-06-30 . Retrieved 2019-04-04 .

[20] "Definition: suffrage" . Websters Dictionary. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2011-06-28 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-10-24 .

[21] "CIA:The World Factbook" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2008-01-09 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-05-22 .

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???? ???????	??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????
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