한국   대만   중국   일본 
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?????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????. ????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????????? ?? ??????. ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????. [1] [2]  ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? .??????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????. [3] [4] [5] [6]

?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? 2003. ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? 2011 ????? ????? ????? 123 ???? ????? 16 ?? ?????? 51 ?? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ≪???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????≫ ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????. ??? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????. ??? ?????? ??? 2014? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? 400 ????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ≪??????? ??????≫ ???? ??????? ?? ??????. 

??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??????. ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????. 

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??????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????. ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????. ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ???????? ??? ????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????????. 

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???????? ?? ??? 2017? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ≪ ??????? ??? ???? ≫. ???? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???????. ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??-???? ???? ????-??. ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????????. 

????? ????? ≪??????? ??? ????≫ ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????. ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????.

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???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? 2004 ??? ?? ≪????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????≫. ???? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ≪???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????≫ ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ≪????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????≫.

???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????: ????? ????? ???????: ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? (??????: ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? 2005)? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? (??????)? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? - ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????. ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????. 

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??????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????. ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?????. ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????????.

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?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????????.??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? (???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???????). ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???????.

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??? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????????. ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????. ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? 80 ????? ?120 ?????. ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ?????: ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????. [8]

????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????. ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ????????. ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???????. ???? ?? 40% ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????. ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????. ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????. ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???????. ???? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????. [9]

?? ???????? ??? ???? ??? 12 ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? (?????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ????-??-?? ??? 12 ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? 1987? ??? ??? ??? 5000 ????). ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????. ???? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????. [10]

??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????-????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ≪??? ????? ?????????)? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???????. ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? 10 ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ???. [11]

??????? ????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ????????. ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? (?????? ???? ?? ???-?? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???)? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? (?????? ?????????) ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????. ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????. ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????. [12] [13]

??????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????. ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????. ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????. ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? (??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????) ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????????. [14]

????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????. ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????. [15]

???? ?? ??? 15 ?20 ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????. [16]

?????? ????? ??????? [ ??? ]

?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ????????? ???????????. ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ????????. ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? 2002? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ≪?????? ????≫ ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? 1977 ?1983. ????? ??? ?????? ??????? 13 ??????? ???????? ?? 17 ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?????????. ??? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ??????. [17]

??? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????????. ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? (???? ????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????????) ?? ???? ???.

?? ????? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ????????? ????????? ?? ???????? ????? ???????. ???? ??? 2005 ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????????.

??? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? 1948 ??? 1987? ???? ??????? ????? ???? 400,000 ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????. ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? 100,000 ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?500,000 ???? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ??? 2.1 ????? ???? (??? ?????? 1.3 ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ). 

????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? 240,000 ??? 420,000 ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ???? ?? ??? 600 ??? ??? 850 ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? 1993 ??? 2008? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???. ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ≪????? ??????≫ ????????. 

??????? [ ??? ]

  1. ^ KCNA Refutes U.S. Anti-DPRK Human Rights Campaign ???? ?????? ????? 1, 2012 ?? Wayback Machine , KCNA , November 8, 2005.
  2. ^ "Issues North Korea" . Amnesty International UK . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2014-07-02 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-07-01 .
  3. ^ "VII. Conclusions and Recommendadtions"? Report of the Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea ? 17 ?????? 2014? ?. 365? ????? ?? ????? ?? 2014-02-27 ? ???? ???? ?????? 2014-07-01
  4. ^ "World Report 2014: North Korea" . ????? ????? ???? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2014-07-07 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-07-01 .
  5. ^ "North Korea" . Christian Solidarity Worldwide . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2014-07-14 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-07-01 .
  6. ^ "ICNK welcomes UN inquiry on North Korea report, calls for action" . International Coalition to Stop Crimes Against Humanity in North Korea . 20 ?????? 2014. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2014-10-06 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-07-01 .
  7. ^ "Korea, Democratic People's Republic of" . Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2012. U.S. Department of State. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2021-10-19 . ???? ???? ?????? 2021-07-25 . During the year nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) reported that public executions continued, but no official statistics were available.
  8. ^ Public executions by North Korea is another injustice ???? ?????? ????? 29, 2009 ?? Wayback Machine , Amnesty International , March 7, 2008. - "A North Korean official reportedly said that 13 women and two men were shot dead in the town of Onseong in late February "to send a warning to people", according to South Korean NGO, Good Friends."
  9. ^ "North Korea resumes public executions" . A non-profit organization work towards realization of Human rights and protects crime against humanity . English-language version of Pravda. 26 ?????? 2007. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2009-07-16 . ???? ???? ?????? 2007-12-19 . The report came a week after a U.N. General Assembly committee adopted a draft resolution expressing "very serious concern" at reports of widespread human rights violations in North Korea, including public executions.
    The resolution, co-sponsored by more than 50 countries including the United States and many other Western nations, was sent to the 192-member General Assembly for a final vote.
    The North has condemned the draft, saying it was inaccurate and biased.
  10. ^ "Public Executions over Leaflets" ???? ?????? ????? 25, 2011 ?? Wayback Machine . Parameswaran Ponnudurai. Radio Free Asia (RFA). January 24, 2011. Retrieved July 12, 2013. - "Two North Koreans have been executed in front of 500 spectators for handling propaganda leaflets floated across the border from South Korea, reports say. The executions were carried out on January 3 and appeared to be part of a campaign by North Korean leader Kim Jong-Il's regime to tighten ideological control as it grooms his youngest son as eventual successor."
  11. ^ "Hundreds of North Korean execution sites identified, says rights group" . The Guardian . 11 ????? 2019. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2021-10-19 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-06-11 .
  12. ^ "White paper on human rights in North Korea 2009 (page 74?75)" (PDF) . Korea Institute for National Unification . ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2021-10-19 . ???? ???? ?????? 2010-05-04 .
  13. ^ Nicholas D. Kristof (14 ????? 1996). "Survivors Report Torture in North Korea Labor Camps" . The New York Times . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2011-08-26 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-08-03 .
  14. ^ "Report by the Special Rapporteur on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Theo van Boven: Democratic People's Republic of Korea" . United Nations/Derechos Human Rights . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2008-09-06 . ???? ???? ?????? 2010-05-11 .
  15. ^ National Geographic: Inside North Korea, aired on the History Channel in 2006, accessed on Netflix July 22, 2011
  16. ^ "North Korea: Horrific Pretrial Detention System" . Human Rights Watch . 19 ?????? 2020. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2021-10-19 . ???? ???? ?????? 2020-10-19 .
  17. ^ McDonald? Mark (4 ???? 2011). "North Korean Prison Camps Massive and Growing" . The New York Times . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2011-05-05 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-05-05 .
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