???? ???

???????? : 34°43′51″N 36°42′34″E  /  34.73083°N 36.70944°E  / 34.73083; 36.70944
?? ?????????? ???????? ?????
???? ???
??? ?? ????? ??????? ???????

????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? 2012 ??? ???? 2017

      ????? ????? ?????? ??????

      ????? ???????? (??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? )
??????? 6 ???? 2011 ? 9 ???? 2014 [a]
(3 ?????? ?3 ????)
?????? ??? ? ?????
34°43′51″N 36°42′34″E  /  34.73083°N 36.70944°E  / 34.73083; 36.70944
??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? [4]
  • ????? ?????? ?????? ???
??????????
معارضة سورية ????? ?????? ???? [N 1]

?????? ?????????

???? ?????? 		????????? ??????? ???????

??? ???? [2]

????? ?????? ?????? ????????? [3]
?????? ????????
Abdul Qadir al-Homsi   ?
(FSA provincial commander) [5]
Khadar Al Halouani   ?
(FSA Homs city commander) [6]
Col. Fatih Fahd Hasoon
(FSA provincial Military Council leader) [7]
Lt. Abdul Razzaq Tlass (Farouq Brigades Commander; until October 2012) [8]
Lt. Abu Sayeh Juneidi (Farouq Brigades Commander; since October 2012) [8]
Abdul Rahman Orfalli   ?
(protest leader) [9]
Mohammed al-Sukni (Liwaa Al-Umma Commander) [10]
??? ?????? ?????   ( ? ? )
(Bayyada Martyrs Battalion commander) [11]
Ahmad Hassan Abou Assaad al-Sharkassi   ?
(Bayyada Martyrs Battalion commander) [12]
Abou Souffiane   ?
(Ahl Al Athar Brigade commander) 		?????? ???? ?????
(??? ?????? 2012) [13]
?????? ???? ???? [14]              
?????? ???? ????? [15]
?????? ???? ???????  ? [16]
?????? ???? ???? ??????  ? [17]
??????? ????????
????? ?????? ????:
???? ???? ?? ??????
????? ??????? [18] [19] 		Elements of:

???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????

  • 556th SF regiment

?????? 15 (????? ??????)

  • 35th SF Regiment
  • 127th SF Regiment
  • 403rd Armored Regiment

?????? ??????? (?????)

  • 555th SF regiment
  • 154th Artillery Regiment

????? ???????? (?????)

  • 104th Mechanized Brigade
  • 105th Mechanized Brigade

11th Armored Division
18th Armoured Division

??????? ??????:

  • 45th independent SF Regiment
  • 47th independent SF Regiment
  • 53rd independent SF Regiment
  • 54th independent SF Regiment [20]
  • Unit 910 (Hezbollah) [2]
?????
????? 7,000?10,000 troops [21]
200?300 tanks [22]
???????? ????????
2,000 [23] ?2,200 [24] killed (June 2012?May 2014)
5,000?6,000 captured [25]
(by late July 2012) 		859 soldiers and policemen killed (by mid-Feb. 2012) [26]
a ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ??? 21 ???? 2017? ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ???????.

??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????. ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? 2011 ??? ???? 2014? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????.

???? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? 2011? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ??????????? ?? ??? ?? ?????. [27] ?? ????? ???? 2011? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?????. [28]

?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????? ???? ??? ?? ???? - ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???. ?? ??????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????.

?? ????? ?????? 2011? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ????. ?? ????? ?????? 2011? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???????. [29] ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? 2012? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????. ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ???????? ?? ????. [30]

?? ????? ???? 2012? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????. ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???????. ?????? ???????? ??? ??? 15% ? 20% ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????. [31] ?? ?????? 2012? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????. [32]

?? ????? ???? 2013? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ?? ???????. ?? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ?????. [33] ?? ???? ?????? ????? 2013? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????. ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ????????.

?? ????? ???? 2014? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????.

????? [ ??? ]

?? 15 ???? 2011? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?????. ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????. [34] ????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??? 18 ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ≪??? ?????? ???????≫. ??? ???? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??????. ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????????. [35] ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??????????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???????. ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ≪????? ??????≫. [36]

?????? [ ??? ]

???????? ???? 2011 [ ??? ]

?? 6 ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????????? ?? ???? ? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???. ????? ??????? ??? 15 ????????? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? 11 ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????. [37] ?? 8 ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ????????? ????????. ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ???????. ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????. [38]

?? 8 ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? 10 ????? ?????? ????? ?????. [39]

????? 10 ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???????. ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????????. ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????????. [40] [41]

?? 11 ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????. ??? 12 ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ?????.

?? 20 ????? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? 11 ????. ??? ?????? ?? 27 ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????. ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ???? 3 ?????. ?? 30 ????? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ???.

???????????? 2011 [ ??? ]

?? 17 ????? 2011? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? 30 ?????. [42] ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? 17 ?????. [43]

?? ?????? 2011? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????. [44]

????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????. ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????. ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???.

??? ????? ?????? 2011? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????.

?? ???? 28 ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????. ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ???? ???????. ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???? 17 ?????? ????? ???? 20 ????? ???? 53 ????? ?? ???? ????.

????? ?????? 2011 [ ??? ]

???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ???. ?? 3 ?????? 2011? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????. [45] ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? 100 ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????. [46] ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????. [47] [48]

?? 8 ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????. [49]

??? 24 ??????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? 11 ?????? ?????? ????? ?????. ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ???? 15 ????. [50] [51]

????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????????? (?????? ???????) [ ??? ]

?? 25 ?????? 2011? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???. ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ≪???? ?? ???? ???????≫ ????????? ????? ????. [52] [53] ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????. [54]

?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????.

??????? [ ??? ]

  1. ^ From October 2011 onwards.

??????? [ ??? ]

  1. ^ "Syria's President ends state of emergency" . Buenos Aires Herald . 21 ????? 2012. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-06-16 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-04-21 .
  2. ^ ? ? "Iran's Hizbullah sends more troops to help Assad storm Aleppo, fight Sunnis" . World Tribune . 29 ????? 2012. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-03-31 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-08-02 .
  3. ^ "The SSNP 'Hurricane' in the Syrian Conflict: Syria and South Lebanon Are the Same Battlefield" . Al Akhbar English . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-10-02 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-10-25 .
  4. ^ "Retreat from Homs: Assad conquers cradle of revolution" . The Times . United Kingdom. 2014. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-03-05.
  5. ^ "Ammunition depot blast kills 30 rebels in Syria" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-05-24 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-10-25 .
  6. ^ "Tijdlijnfoto's" . Facebook. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-02-02 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-07-14 .
  7. ^ "Syrian rebels form 'Revolutionary Military Council' in Homs" . English.alarabiya.net. 3 ?????? 2012. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-10-10 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-07-14 .
  8. ^ ? ? Lund? Aron (5 ?????? 2012). "Holy Warriors" . ????? ?????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2014-10-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-12-26 .
  9. ^ "Rights group cites Syrian opposition for 'serious human rights abuses' " . CNN. 21 ???? 2012. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-10-19 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-04-21 .
  10. ^ "The Syrian Rebels' Libyan Weapon" . Foreign Policy . 9 ????? 2012. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-06-08 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-08-10 .
  11. ^ "Who's who: Abdulbaset Sarout" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2014-03-22 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-10-25 .
  12. ^ L’ASL annonce des bataille de liberation de Hama et Maarat al-Numan, a defaut de les remporter pendant que le Front al-Nosra part en guerre contre les Druzes ???? ?????? 31 December 2012 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? . [ ???? ?????? ]
  13. ^ "Syria sends elite troops to Homs, activists say" . NOW Lebanon. 28 ?????? 2012. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-10-19 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-04-21 .
  14. ^ "By All Means Necessary!" . Human Rights Watch. 16 ?????? 2011. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2014-10-22 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-02-06 .
  15. ^ "COUNCIL IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) No 55/2012" . Official Journal of the European Union. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-07-08 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-02-06 .
  16. ^ Sharmine Narwani (28 ?????? 2012). "Questioning the Syrian "Casualty List" " . Alakhbar. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-06-06 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-04-21 .
  17. ^ "??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? - Syrian Arab News Agency" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-06-08 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-10-25 .
  18. ^ Syria: The Devastated Battlefield Of Homs ???? ?????? 8 May 2012 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
  19. ^ Ivan Watson and Omar al Muqdad (7 ?????? 2012). "Syrian rebel leadership is split" . CNN. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-10-19 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-04-21 .
  20. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20191104025918/http://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/TheAssadRegime-web.pdf . ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2019-11-04. {{ ??????? ??? }} : ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? ( ?????? )
  21. ^ "Syria's looming threat of civil war" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-06-05 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-10-25 .
  22. ^ "Inside Syria's Death Zone: Assad's Regime Hunts People in Homs" . Der Spiegel . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-04-27 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-02-06 .
  23. ^ "Rebel exodus from Old Homs marks end of two-year siege" . The Daily Star. 8 ???? 2014. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-11-19 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-05-08 .
  24. ^ "Syria rebels in final retreat from heart of Homs" . Maan News Agency . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2014-10-25 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-10-25 .
  25. ^ "Reports of a riot in Homs prison" . Al Jazeera Blogs . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-03-03 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-10-25 .
  26. ^ Sly? Liz (25 ????? 2012). "Fears of escalating violence in divided city of Homs as Syria rejects Arab League plan" . The Washington Post . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-11-19 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-02-06 .
  27. ^ "Struggle for Syria" (PDF) . ISW. ?????? 2011. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2019-04-30.
  28. ^ Shadid? Anthony (7 ???? 2011). "Protests Across Syria Despite Military Presence" . New York Times . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-07-21 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-12-17 .
  29. ^ The Independent, 'Arab league observers arrive in Syria to monitor crackdown', 27 December 2011 [1] ???? ?????? 08 ????? 2018 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
  30. ^ "Syria's Armed Opposition" (PDF) . ISW. ???? 2012. ????? (PDF) ?? ????? ?? 12 ???? 2012.
  31. ^ "Homs: A scarred and divided city" . BBC News . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-03-30 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-10-25 .
  32. ^ "SYRIA UPDATE: THE FALL OF AL-QUSAYR" . ISW. ????? 2013. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-04-13.
  33. ^ "Syrian forces take back rebel neighborhood in Homs" . Yahoo News. 26 March 2013. ????? ?? ????? ?? 21 ?????? 2018 . ???? ???? ?????? ????? 2020 . {{ ??????? ??? }} : ???? ?? ??????? ??: |????? ??????= ( ?????? )
  34. ^ "BBC News ? Middle East unrest: Syria arrests Damascus protesters" . ?? ?? ?? ??? ???????? . 16 ???? 2011. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-10-01 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-04-19 .
  35. ^ "In Syria, Crackdown After Protests" . New York Times . 18 ???? 2011. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-02-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-12-17 .
  36. ^ Stack? Liam? Zoepf? Katherine (18 ????? 2012). "Security Forces Fire on Protesters in Restive Syrian City" . New York Times . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-07-07 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-12-17 .
  37. ^ "Syria army attacks Banias, raising sectarian tension" . Thestar.com.my. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-01-11 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-02-06 .
  38. ^ "Regime hunts down Syria opposition" . Adelaidenow.com.au. 9 ???? 2011. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-05-11 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-02-06 .
  39. ^ "Syrian forces use soccer stadiums as prisons, human rights groups say" . CNN. 9 ???? 2011. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-05-24 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-02-06 .
  40. ^ Jim Muir (11 ???? 2011). "Syria tanks 'shell' protest city of Homs" . BBC. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-04-15 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-02-06 .
  41. ^ Yacoub? Khaled (12 ???? 2011). "Assad broadens Syria crackdown, tanks push south" . Reuters. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2015-09-24 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-02-06 .
  42. ^ Mustapha Ajbaili (17 ????? 2011). "Syrian army kills 30 in Homs, deploys tanks in southern town" . Al Arabiya News . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-10-10 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-11-26 .
  43. ^ "30 killed in Homs, Syria" . RTE News . 17 ????? 2011. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-11-03.
  44. ^ Holliday, Joseph (?????? 2011). "The Struggle for Syria in 2011" (PDF) . ???? ????? ????? . ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2020-08-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-09-20 . (page 17)
  45. ^ "Syria unrest: activists say 20 killed in Homs" . BBC News . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-04-17 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-10-25 .
  46. ^ "Syria: Homs military attacks continue, say activists" . BBC News . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-04-18 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-10-25 .
  47. ^ "Tanks come under attack in Homs" . YouTube . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-03-15 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-10-25 .
  48. ^ "Syria enters in civil war with combat between Syrian army soldiers defectors Al Jazeera Video" . YouTube . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-01-03 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-10-25 .
  49. ^ As Syria Hits City, U.N. Says Toll Climbs ???? ?????? 07 ????? 2018 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
  50. ^ "Syria faces 'last chance' sanctions deadline" . Aljazeera. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-02-08 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-02-06 .
  51. ^ "Syria faces Friday deadline to avoid Arab League sanctions" . CNN. 24 ?????? 2011. ????? ?? ????? ?? 28 ????? 2012 . ???? ???? ?????? 6 ?????? 2012 .
  52. ^ "Syrian military vows to 'cut every evil hand' of attackers" . The Guardian . London. 25 ?????? 2011. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-04-18.
  53. ^ "Six Elite Syrian Pilots 'Killed In Ambush' In Homs Province Military Says In TV Statement" . News.sky.com. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2011-12-30 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-02-06 .
  54. ^ "More civilians killed by Syrian forces; U.N. voices alarm at torture of children" . Al Arabiya . 26 ?????? 2011. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-11-11 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-02-06 .

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?????? ?? ≪ https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=????_???&oldid=66849007 ≫