???? ???????

????? ??????
???? ???????
??????? ?????
???????	1910 ; ?????
??????	1971 ; ?????
??????	?????
?????? ???????
??????	????? ? ????????? ? ????? ?????
???????
	???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????
???????
	????? ????? - ?????

???? ??????? (1900- 1971 ?) ?? ????? ?????? ? ???? ??????? ? ????? ? ????? ?? ???????? ????????.

????? [ ??? ]

??? ?? ????? ??? 1900 ? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?????????. ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? . ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? 1937 ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? 1947 . ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????. ^[1]^[2]

????? ???????? [ ??? ]

??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????: ^[3]^[4]

?????? ??????? [ ??? ]

?? 14 ?????? 1951 ??? 7 ????? 1951 ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? .
?? 20 ?????? 1964 ??? 25 ?????? 1964 ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? .
?? 25 ?????? 1964 ??? 18 ?????? 1964 ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? .
?? 18 ?????? 1964 ??? 25 ????? 1965 ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? .

?????? [ ??? ]

?????? ??????? ?? 26 ????? 1948 ??? 1 ?????? 1949 ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? . ^[5]^[6]^[7]
?????? ????? ??????? ?? 1 ?????? 1949 ??? 6 ?????? 1949 ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? .
?????? ??????? ?? 1 ?????? 1949 ??? 14 ?????? 1951 ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? .
?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? 14 ?????? 1951 ??? 7 ????? 1951 ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? .
?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?? 14 ?????? 1958 ??? 7 ?????? 1959 ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? .
?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? 20 ?????? 1964 ??? 25 ?????? 1964 ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? .
?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? 25 ?????? 1964 ??? 18 ?????? 1964 ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? .
?????? ?????? ?????? ?? 18 ?????? 1964 ??? 25 ????? 1965 ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?? 2 ????? 1965 ??? 25 ????? 1965 ?? ??? ???????.
?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? 20 ?????? 1968 ??? 15 ????? 1969 ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? .

????? ????? ?????? [ ??? ]

??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? 1947 ??? 1951 .

????? [ ??? ]

??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? "????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? (1920-1970)". ^[8]^[9]^[10]

????? [ ??? ]

???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? 1971? ?? ???? ????? ?????.

????? [ ??? ]

^ "???? ???????" . www.yabeyrouth.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2024-04-29 . ???? ???? ?????? 2024-04-27 .
^ "????? ???? ???????" . www.islamguiden.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2024-04-29 . ???? ???? ?????? 2024-04-27 .
^ "???? ?????? ???? ???????" . www.pcm.gov.lb . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2024-04-28 . ???? ???? ?????? 2024-04-27 .
^ "????? ?????? ???? ??????? | MOD" . www.mod.gov.lb . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2024-04-28 . ???? ???? ?????? 2024-04-27 .
^ "Rulers of Lebanon" . Jewish Library . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-08-19 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-04-08 .
^ R. Hrair Dekmejian (1975). Patterns of Political Leadership: Egypt, Israel, Lebanon . SUNY Press. ?. 33. ISBN : 978-0-87395-291-0 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-08 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-04-08 .
^ Samir Khalaf (2002). Civil and Uncivil Violence in Lebanon: A History of the Internationalization of Communal Contact . Columbia University Press. ?. 111. ISBN : 978-0-231-50536-9 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-08-07 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-04-08 .
^ "???? ??????? ????? ????" . ?????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2024-04-29 . ???? ???? ?????? 2024-04-27 .
^ ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? 1920 1970 ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???? .
^ ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? (2000). ???? ???????: ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? 1920-1970 . ?????: ??? ??? ?????? ?????? FMA. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2024-04-27.

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ???? ???????

[1] "???? ???????" . www.yabeyrouth.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2024-04-29 . ???? ???? ?????? 2024-04-27 .

[2] "????? ???? ???????" . www.islamguiden.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2024-04-29 . ???? ???? ?????? 2024-04-27 .

[3] "???? ?????? ???? ???????" . www.pcm.gov.lb . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2024-04-28 . ???? ???? ?????? 2024-04-27 .

[4] "????? ?????? ???? ??????? | MOD" . www.mod.gov.lb . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2024-04-28 . ???? ???? ?????? 2024-04-27 .

[5] "Rulers of Lebanon" . Jewish Library . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-08-19 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-04-08 .

[6] R. Hrair Dekmejian (1975). Patterns of Political Leadership: Egypt, Israel, Lebanon . SUNY Press. ?. 33. ISBN : 978-0-87395-291-0 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-08 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-04-08 .

[7] Samir Khalaf (2002). Civil and Uncivil Violence in Lebanon: A History of the Internationalization of Communal Contact . Columbia University Press. ?. 111. ISBN : 978-0-231-50536-9 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-08-07 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-04-08 .

[8] "???? ??????? ????? ????" . ?????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2024-04-29 . ???? ???? ?????? 2024-04-27 .

[9] ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? 1920 1970 ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???? .

[10] ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? (2000). ???? ???????: ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? 1920-1970 . ?????: ??? ??? ?????? ?????? FMA. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2024-04-27.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

? ? ? ????? ????? ????? ☆
???????? ??????? ??? ????? (1918 - 1943)	?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? 1926 ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????
????? (??? 1943)	??????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? * ????? ??? * ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??????
☆ ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????. * ?? ????? ??? 1988? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? .