???? ?????? ????????

?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? . ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? 11 ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ? ?????? ? ????????? . ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???????.

?????? ???????? [ ??? ]

?? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ? ?????? ? ???????? . ^[1] ??? ??? 1980 ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ?? 10 ? ?? ??????? ?????. ^[2] ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???????. ^[3]

??????? ????????? [ ??? ]

??? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? 1962 ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????) ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????? . ???? ^[4] ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?????????? . ^[5]

??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? 1991 ??? 1998 ?? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????????. ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? 169 ??? 100000 ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??? 89 ?? 100000 ?? ???????.??? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ???????. ???? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ^[6] ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ????????? ??? ??? 2004 ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????. ??? ?????? ?????? ^[7] ?? ??? (2007) ?? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? 50 ?? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????. ^[8] ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????. ^[9]

?? 2011? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? "?????? ??????" ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? . ^[10]^[11]

?????? ??? ??????? [ ??? ]

?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????. ??? ???? ^[12]^[13] ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????. ?????????? ???????? ? ??????????? ^[14] ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ???:

??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????. ^[15] ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ?? ???????.
??? ????? 1990 ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????. ^[16] ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ^[17]
?????? ??? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???????. ??? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? . ???????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? "??? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???????.
???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???????. [13] ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????. ^[18]
????? ????? ?????? (2007) ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????.
??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ^[19]
?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????
??? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ^[20]

??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? [ ??? ]

??? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????. ??? 1990 ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????. ??? ??? 2004? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? (??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????)

??????? [ ??? ]

??? ?? ????? ????? ≪???? ?????? ????????≫ ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ≪???? ?????≫ ? ≪???? ?????≫ ^[21] ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ≪???? ???? ?????? ????????.≫ ^[22]

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

Atlas of Stroke Mortality: Racial, Ethnic and Geographic Disparities in the United States , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Stroke Statistics , Internet Stroke Center at Washington University

^ Elizabeth Querna, The Stroke Belt: Why do more people from the Southeast die of stroke, ?? ?? ???? , October 8, 2004 ^{[
???? ??????
]} [http://web.archive.org/web/20121119053728/http://health.usnews.com/usnews/health/briefs/childrenshealth/hb041008a.htm ???? ?????? 19 ?????? 2012 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ [a b c Stroke Belt Initiative: Project Accomplishments and Lessons Learned, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health; reports on a conference that occurred in 1996]
^ Siegel PZ, Wolfe LE, Wilcox D, Deeb LC (1992). "North Florida is part of the stroke belt". Public Health Rep 107 (5): 540?3. PMC 1403695. ???? : 1410234 . http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1403695 . ???? ?????? 2012-11-07 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ Combating Southern Fried Fat, CBS News, February 14, 2005
^ Casper ML, Wing S, Anda RF, Knowles M, Pollard RA (May 1995). "The shifting stroke belt. Changes in the geographic pattern of stroke mortality in the United States, 1962 to 1988". Stroke 26 (5): 755?60. ???? : 7740562 . http://stroke.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/26/5/755 . ???? ?????? 2010-05-14 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ CDC Releases Atlas of Stroke Mortality, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention & Health Promotion, February 20, 2003
^ Fullerton HJ, Elkins JS, Johnston SC (Jul 2004). "Pediatric Stroke Belt: geographic variation in stroke mortality in US children". Stroke 35 (7): 1570?3. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000130514.21773.95. ???? : 15178830 . http://stroke.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/35/7/1570 . ???? ?????? 2011-06-16 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ Glymour MM, Avendano M, Berkman LF (Sep 2007). "Is the 'stroke belt' worn from childhood?: risk of first stroke and state of residence in childhood and adulthood". Stroke 38 (9): 2415?21. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.482059. ???? : 17673716 . http://stroke.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/38/9/2415 . ???? ?????? 2010-10-02 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ El-Saed A, Kuller LH (Sep 2007). "Is the stroke belt worn from childhood?: current knowledge and future directions". Stroke 38 (9): 2403?4. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.487405. ???? : 17673801 . http://stroke.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/strokeaha;38/9/2403 . ???? ?????? 2010-08-13 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ 'Diabetes Belt' Outlined - US News ???? ?????? 09 ????? 2017 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ "Researchers find U.S. "diabetes belt"". Reuters. March 8, 2011. http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/08/us-health-diabetes-idUSTRE7270WU20110308 . ???? ?????? 2015-03-09 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ HHS Announces Initiative to Reduce the Incidence of Stroke in Stroke Belt States, press release, Department of Health and Human Services, August 5, 2004
^ Stroke Mystery, Newsweek, November 8, 2005
^ Lisa Nainggolan, Hypertension may not be the whole story in the Stroke Belt, Medscape Medical News, February 9, 2005
^ African American males age 45 to 54 have a threefold greater risk of ischemic stroke than white males in the same age range
^ Felicity Barringer, Toward Solving the Mystery Of the American 'Stroke Belt'? The New York Times, July 29, 1992
^ Introduction, Atlas of Stroke Mortality: Racial, Ethnic, and Geographic Disparities in the United States (Casper ML, Barnett E, Williams GI Jr., Halverson JA, Braham VE, Greenlund KJ). Atlanta, GA: Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2003
^ Stroke Belt ? A Standard of Care Phenomenon?, Family Practice News, June 1, 2000
^ Risk may be associated with mother's health, Health & Medicine Week, July 14, 2003
^ Peto, R; Lopez AD, Boreham J et al. (2006). Mortality from smoking in developed countries 1950?2000: Indirect estimates from National Vital Statistics. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-262535-7 . http://www.ctsu.ox.ac.uk/~tobacco/ . ???? ?????? 2016-05-26 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ WordSpy website, posted on March 25, 2003
^ Howard G, Anderson R, Johnson NJ, Sorlie P, Russell G, Howard VJ (May 1997). "Evaluation of social status as a contributing factor to the stroke belt region of the United States". Stroke 28 (5): 936?40. ???? : 9158628 . http://stroke.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9158628 ???? ?????? 20 ????? 2012 at Archive.is .

?

????? ???????? ???????

[1] Elizabeth Querna, The Stroke Belt: Why do more people from the Southeast die of stroke, ?? ?? ???? , October 8, 2004 ^{[
???? ??????
]} [http://web.archive.org/web/20121119053728/http://health.usnews.com/usnews/health/briefs/childrenshealth/hb041008a.htm ???? ?????? 19 ?????? 2012 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[2] [a b c Stroke Belt Initiative: Project Accomplishments and Lessons Learned, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health; reports on a conference that occurred in 1996]

[3] Siegel PZ, Wolfe LE, Wilcox D, Deeb LC (1992). "North Florida is part of the stroke belt". Public Health Rep 107 (5): 540?3. PMC 1403695. ???? : 1410234 . http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1403695 . ???? ?????? 2012-11-07 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[4] Combating Southern Fried Fat, CBS News, February 14, 2005

[5] Casper ML, Wing S, Anda RF, Knowles M, Pollard RA (May 1995). "The shifting stroke belt. Changes in the geographic pattern of stroke mortality in the United States, 1962 to 1988". Stroke 26 (5): 755?60. ???? : 7740562 . http://stroke.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/26/5/755 . ???? ?????? 2010-05-14 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[6] CDC Releases Atlas of Stroke Mortality, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention & Health Promotion, February 20, 2003

[7] Fullerton HJ, Elkins JS, Johnston SC (Jul 2004). "Pediatric Stroke Belt: geographic variation in stroke mortality in US children". Stroke 35 (7): 1570?3. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000130514.21773.95. ???? : 15178830 . http://stroke.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/35/7/1570 . ???? ?????? 2011-06-16 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[8] Glymour MM, Avendano M, Berkman LF (Sep 2007). "Is the 'stroke belt' worn from childhood?: risk of first stroke and state of residence in childhood and adulthood". Stroke 38 (9): 2415?21. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.482059. ???? : 17673716 . http://stroke.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/38/9/2415 . ???? ?????? 2010-10-02 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[9] El-Saed A, Kuller LH (Sep 2007). "Is the stroke belt worn from childhood?: current knowledge and future directions". Stroke 38 (9): 2403?4. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.487405. ???? : 17673801 . http://stroke.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/strokeaha;38/9/2403 . ???? ?????? 2010-08-13 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[10] 'Diabetes Belt' Outlined - US News ???? ?????? 09 ????? 2017 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[11] "Researchers find U.S. "diabetes belt"". Reuters. March 8, 2011. http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/08/us-health-diabetes-idUSTRE7270WU20110308 . ???? ?????? 2015-03-09 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[12] HHS Announces Initiative to Reduce the Incidence of Stroke in Stroke Belt States, press release, Department of Health and Human Services, August 5, 2004

[13] Stroke Mystery, Newsweek, November 8, 2005

[14] Lisa Nainggolan, Hypertension may not be the whole story in the Stroke Belt, Medscape Medical News, February 9, 2005

[15] African American males age 45 to 54 have a threefold greater risk of ischemic stroke than white males in the same age range

[16] Felicity Barringer, Toward Solving the Mystery Of the American 'Stroke Belt'? The New York Times, July 29, 1992

[17] Introduction, Atlas of Stroke Mortality: Racial, Ethnic, and Geographic Disparities in the United States (Casper ML, Barnett E, Williams GI Jr., Halverson JA, Braham VE, Greenlund KJ). Atlanta, GA: Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2003

[18] Stroke Belt ? A Standard of Care Phenomenon?, Family Practice News, June 1, 2000

[19] Risk may be associated with mother's health, Health & Medicine Week, July 14, 2003

[20] Peto, R; Lopez AD, Boreham J et al. (2006). Mortality from smoking in developed countries 1950?2000: Indirect estimates from National Vital Statistics. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-262535-7 . http://www.ctsu.ox.ac.uk/~tobacco/ . ???? ?????? 2016-05-26 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[21] WordSpy website, posted on March 25, 2003

[22] Howard G, Anderson R, Johnson NJ, Sorlie P, Russell G, Howard VJ (May 1997). "Evaluation of social status as a contributing factor to the stroke belt region of the United States". Stroke 28 (5): 936?40. ???? : 9158628 . http://stroke.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9158628 ???? ?????? 20 ????? 2012 at Archive.is .

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