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???? ???? ??????? 2016 - ????????? ????? ??? ???????

???? ???? ??????? 2016

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???? ???? ??????? 2016
 
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?????? ???? ????????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P276) في ويكي بيانات
???????? 56°39′55″N 111°23′00″W  /  56.665277777778°N 111.38333333333°W  / 56.665277777778; -111.38333333333   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P625) في ويكي بيانات
??? 5 ????/???? 2016
????? 5 ????/????? 2016
????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????
???????
???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? (88000 ????? ) [1] [2] ?   ?????? (2400 ???? ) (9 ???? 2016) [3]   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P1542) في ويكي بيانات
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??????? ??????? 3?58 ????? ????? (????? 7 ????/????? 2016)
??????? ???????? 101,000 ????? (250,000 ???)
??????? ??????? 2?500
خريطة
????? ????? - ?????   طالع توثيق القالب

???? ???? ??????? 2016? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? [4] [5] ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? 88 ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? 15? ?? ???????. ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???????.

??? ?????? ??? 1 ???? 2016 ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? . ??? ??? 3 ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? 2,40 ???? ?????. ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?? 590,000 ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????. [6] [7] ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? 5 ????/????? 2016 [8] ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ????. [9] ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????. [10]

??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? 32.8 ???? ????? (91 ???? ????????)? [11] ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? 12?. [12] ???? ???? ??????? ?? 4 ???? ??? 31.9 ???? ????? (89 ???? ????????)? [11] ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???? 72 ?? / ???? (45 ??? / ????). [13] [14] [15]

???? ?????? [ ??? ]

?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? 1 ???? 2016

1 ????/???? [ ??? ]

????? ?????? ?????? ?? 1 ????/???? 2016 ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? 9:57? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? ???? (???? ????????) ???????? ???? (Prairie Creek) ???????? (Gregoire) ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ≪???????? ?????????≫ ???????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ??????????. [16] [17]

2 ????/???? [ ??? ]

???? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ≪???????? ??????????≫ ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???????.

3 ????/???? [ ??? ]

????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? 5 ?.?. ?? ????? ???? ≪?????? ????????≫ ??? 12 ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????. ?? ?????? 6:49 ?.?. ??? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ????????. [5] [18] ??? ?????? 9:50 ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????. [19] ?? ????? 88 ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????. [20] ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????. [21] ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????. [22]

4 ????/ ???? [ ??? ]

???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? 4 ????/????.

????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? [23] ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????? 1,600 ???? [24] ? ??????? ????? 10,000 ?????. [25] ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? 63 ??????. [23] ??? ?????? 11 ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??????. [24] ??? ?????? 4:05 ?.?. ???? ??????? ???? 63 ?????? ??? ?????? 69 ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? [23] [26] ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????. [27] ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????. [28] ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????. [29]

5 ????/???? [ ??? ]

????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? 85,000 ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? 8,000 ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????. [25] [27] [30] ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? 8,000 ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????. [25] ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??? 45 ????????? 138 ??? ?????? 22 ????? ?????? ???? ? 1,100 ????.

6 ????/???? [ ??? ]

?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? 100 ??? ?????. [10] [31] [32] ???? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????. ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ???? 500 ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???? 36 ?????? ?????? ???????. [10]

7 ????/???? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? 165 ??? ????? [31] ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????.

???????? ??????? [ ??? ]

?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???????.

??? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????. ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??????. [33] [34] ???? 16 ????/???? ? 21 ????/???? ????? ??????? ?? 285 ??? ????? ??? 285 ??? ????? ???????? ?? 741 ????? ???? ?????? ??????????. ???? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????????. ?? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????. [35]

?????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??????/????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? 4 ????/????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? [8] [36] ?? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????. [9]

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ???? ????? ??????

?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????. ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? 15 ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???. [25] [37] ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????. ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???. ??? ??? 3 ????/????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???33 ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? 12?. ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????. [5] ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??? 32 ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? 72 ???/??????. [38] ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ≪????? ??????≫ ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????. [39] [40]

?? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???. ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????. [41]

??????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?????. [42]

?????? ?????? [ ??? ]

??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ???? 8 ???? ?????? ???? ????

?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ???????. ???? ????? ???????. ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????. ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? 1600 ????. [43] ??? ??? 9 ????/????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ???? 2,400 ???? ????? ???? ?? 95? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?????. [44] ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???????. ??? ??? 16 ????/????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????. [45] ??? 18 ????/????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? 19,244 ???? ?? ????? 1,921 ???? ???? ????. ????? ????? 17,156 ???? ????? ?????? 121 ?????? ????????? ? 39 ??? ??? ?????????. [46]

??? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????. ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????. ??? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? 4 ????/???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????????. [47] ??? 15 ??????/?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? 16 ????? 2016.

????? ??????? ????? ?????? [ ??? ]

??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? 40 ??? ???? ???????. ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????. ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????.

???? ???? ≪ ?? ???? ≫ ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ≪ ?????? ???? ≫? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????. ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? . ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???????. [48]

??? ????? ≪ ?????? ?????? ≫ ?≪ ??????? ≫ ???? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????. ?????? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ?? 2000 ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?????. ??? 7 ????/????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? 4,800 ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????. [48]

????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??????. [7] ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? 75 ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???????? [34] ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????. [49]

??? 16 ????/???? 2016? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??????????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????. [50]

??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? 4,7 ????? ?????. [51] ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? 7 ????/????? 2016 ??? 3.58 ????? ?????. [52]

???? ???????? [ ??? ]

???? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????.

?? 18 ????/????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? 1 ??????/????? ?????? ?? 15 ?? ??? ?????. ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? (??? ???????? ????????) ???????? ????????? ???????? (??? ??????? ?????? ???????) ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????????. [46] [53] [54] ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????. [55]

??????? [ ??? ]

  1. ^ http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/catastrophic-fort-mcmurray-wildfire-surpasses-10-000-hectares-1.3566310 . {{ ??????? ??? }} : |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
  2. ^ https://twitter.com/RMWoodBuffalo/status/727897683940257792 . {{ ??????? ??? }} : |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
  3. ^ ‘Ocean of fire’ destroys 2,400 structures but 85% of Fort McMurray still stands ? 10 ???? 2016? QID : Q5570514
  4. ^ Ramsay? Caley? Shum? David (9 ???? 2016). " 'Ocean of fire' destroys 2,400 structures but 85% of Fort McMurray still stands" . Global News . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-05-15 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-10 .
  5. ^ ? ? ? Parsons? Paige (3 ???? 2016). "Thousands flee from Fort McMurray wildfire in the largest fire evacuation in Alberta's history" . Edmonton Journal . Postmedia Network . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-05-10 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-03 .
  6. ^ "Justin Trudeau taking aerial tour of Fort McMurray" . The Toronto Star. 13 ???? 2016. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-06-27 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-13 .
  7. ^ ? ? Jones? Jeffrey (7 ???? 2016). "Syncrude Canada oil sands operation shut down, staff removed, due to Fort McMurray fire" . The Globe and Mail . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-05-10 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-07 .
  8. ^ ? ? "Fort McMurray wildfire now considered under control" . ?? ?? ?? ???? . 5 ????? 2016. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-11-03 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-07-05 .
  9. ^ ? ? "Blaze will take months to extinguish, Alberta fire official says" . The Globe and Mail Inc. The Globe and Mail. 7 ???? 2016. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-06-06 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-08 . 'It's going to take quite a while for the wildfire fighters to actually get that under control, contain it, put it out,' Scott Long, executive provincial operations director for the Alberta Emergency Management Agency
  10. ^ ? ? ? " 'The beast is still up': Wildfire evacuees stuck north of Fort McMurray moving south in massive RCMP convoy" . National Post . 6 ???? 2016. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-03-29 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-06 .
  11. ^ ? ? "Daily Data Report for May 2016" . Environment Canada. 6 ???? 2016. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-04-04 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-06 .
  12. ^ "Hourly Data Report for May 03, 2016" . Environment Canada. 6 ???? 2016. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-04-04 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-06 .
  13. ^ "Daily Data Report for May 2016" . Environment Canada. 6 ???? 2016. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-04-04 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-06 .
  14. ^ Parsons? Paige (3 ???? 2016). "Thousands flee from Fort McMurray wildfire in the largest fire evacuation in Alberta's history" . Edmonton Journal . Postmedia Network. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-04-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-03 .
  15. ^ ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? 5 ???? 2016. ???? ?????? 2016-06-01 ?? Wayback Machine
  16. ^ Snowdon? William (2 ???? 2016). "Fort McMurray braces for high winds in battle with wildfire" . CBC News Edmonton . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-05-10 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-03 .
  17. ^ McDermot? Vincent? French? Janet (2 ???? 2016). "Wildfire continues to threaten Fort McMurray neighbourhood" . Edmonton Journal . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-05-10 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-03 .
  18. ^ "Wildfire Status Map | ESRD ? Wildfire" . wildfire.alberta.ca. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-01-28 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-06 .
  19. ^ "Municipality Announces Mandatory Evacuations for Anzac, Gregoire Lake Estates and Fort McMurray First Nation" . Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo. 4 ???? 2016. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-11-16 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-05 .
  20. ^ "Tweet from Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo" . Twitter. ????? ???????? . 4 ???? 2016. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-05-19 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-04 . We have successfully evacuated 88,000 people with no reports of injuries or casualties so far #ymmfire
  21. ^ "2 die in fiery crash on Highway 881 south of Fort McMurray" . CBC News. 4 ???? 2016. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-02-17 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-04 .
  22. ^ Stewart? Briar? Reith? Terry (6 ????? 2016). "Fort McMurray's water warrior fought to keep the flow to firefighters going" . CBC News Edmonton . CBC News. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-04-05 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-06-06 .
  23. ^ ? ? ? "Fort McMurray Wildfire Updates" . Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo. 7 ???? 2016. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-05-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-07 .
  24. ^ ? ? Barkto? Karen (4 ???? 2016). "Fort McMurray wildfire update: Roughly 1600 buildings destroyed in 'catastrophic' fire" . Global News. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-04-24 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-04 .
  25. ^ ? ? ? ? Edwards? Peter (5 ???? 2016). "ire evacuees north of Fort McMurray to be airlifted out as 1,100 firefighters battle inferno" . Toronto Star. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-04-19 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-05 .
  26. ^ McConnell? Rick (4 ???? 2016). " 'Catastrophic' Fort McMurray wildfire prompts state of emergency" . CBC News. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-04-28 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-04 .
  27. ^ ? ? "Fort McMurray evacuees flee again as fire spreads: 'It's almost like it's following us' " . National Post . 5 ???? 2016. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-03-29 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-05 .
  28. ^ Jones Judson? Miller Branson (6 ???? 2016). "How wildfires create towering pyrocumulus clouds" . Cable News Network. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. CNN. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-12-02 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-08 .
  29. ^ Zairah Khurshid. "Canada fire: Fort McMurray resident calls the Alberta firestorm 'Armageddon' " . International Business Times UK . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-07-21 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-08 .
  30. ^ "Update 2: Fort McMurray Wildfire (May 5 at 10 am)" . Government of Alberta. 5 ???? 2016. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-05-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-05 .
  31. ^ ? ? McConnell? Rick (7 ???? 2016). "Fort McMurray wildfire could reach Suncor oilsands site today" . CBC News . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-05-06 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-07 .
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  33. ^ "Fort McMurray fire sweeps east through northern oilsands sites" . CBC News. 17 ???? 2016. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-04-09 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-17 .
  34. ^ ? ? "Canadian wildfire shifts north, prolonging oil sands shutdown" . Reuters Canada. 17 ???? 2016. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-11-06 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-17 .
  35. ^ "Wildfire heads towards oil plants as explosions hit Fort McMurray sites" . Toronto Star. 17 ???? 2016. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-08-31 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-17 .
  36. ^ Snowdon? Wallis (13 ????? 2016). "Fort McMurray fire largely contained thanks to rain, firefighters' efforts" . ?? ?? ?? ???? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-05-15 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-06-13 .
  37. ^ "Fort McMurray wildfire "most likely" result of human activity: RCMP" . CTV. 15 ????? 2016. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-04-19 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-06-15 .
  38. ^ "Daily Data Report for May 2016" . Environment Canada . 6 ???? 2016. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-07-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-06 . {{ ??????? ??? }} : ?????? ??? ??????? |&StationID= ?? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? ??? ??????? |2016-05-12&dlyRange= ?? ?????? ( ?????? )
  39. ^ McGrath? Matt (5 ???? 2016). " 'Perfect storm' of El Nino and warming boosted Alberta fires" . ?? ?? ?? ???? . ?? ?? ?? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-04-19 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-07 .
  40. ^ Kahn? Brian (4 ???? 2016). "Here's the Climate Context For the Fort McMurray Wildfire" . Climate Central . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-05-11 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-07 .
  41. ^ Sullivan? Brian K. (5 ???? 2016). "El Nino Added to Alberta's Fire Woes Before Fort McMurray Burned" . Bloomberg News . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-04-19.
  42. ^ Holthaus? Eric (6 ???? 2016). "We Need to Talk About Climate Change" . ????? (????) . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-07-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-07 .
  43. ^ "Growing Fort McMurray wildfire could double in size and reach Saskatchewan border" . National Post. 7 ???? 2016. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-10-01 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-07 .
  44. ^ McConnell? Rick (9 ???? 2016). "Fort McMurray is 'still alive,' fire chief says ? but safety concerns linger" . CBC News . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-05-03 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-10 .
  45. ^ Johnston? Scott (17 ???? 2016). "UPDATED ? Explosions damage and destroy Fort McMurray homes" . Corus Entertainment Inc. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-09-19 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-19 .
  46. ^ ? ? "Phased re-entry into Fort McMurray expected to start June 1" . Government of Alberta. 18 ???? 2016. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-05-21 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-21 .
  47. ^ "RMWB Wildfire Recovery Information: Boil-Water Advisory Status" . Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-08-29 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-08-12 .
  48. ^ ? ? "Wildfire forces heart of Canada's oilsands to scale back production" . Montreal Gazette. 3 ???? 2016. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-07-13 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-05 .
  49. ^ Weld? Carmen (7 ????? 2016). "Don't panic, there is gas" . Castanet . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-10-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-06-20 .
  50. ^ "Fort McMurray fire sweeps east through northern oilsands sites" . CBC/Radio-Canada. CBC News. 17 ???? 2016. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-04-09 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-19 .
  51. ^ "Fort McMurray fire could cost insurers $9B, BMO predicts" . CBC News. 5 ???? 2016. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-05-10 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-05 .
  52. ^ Romero? Diego (7 ????? 2016). "Fort McMurray wildfires damage cost $3.58 billion" . CTV Edmonton . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-07-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-07-07 .
  53. ^ McConnell? Rick (19 ???? 2016). "As smoke drifts away, Fort McMurray hard at work on re-entry plans" . CBC News . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-05-21 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-21 .
  54. ^ Markusoff? Jason (18 ???? 2016). "Re-entry day: What Fort McMurray will look like on June 1" . Maclean's . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-05-21 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-21 .
  55. ^ "Hundreds of undamaged Fort McMurray homes declared unsafe due to toxic ash" . ?? ?? ?? ???? . 30 ???? 2016. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-05-02 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-30 .
?????? ?? ≪ https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=????_????_???????_2016&oldid=64709973 ≫