???? ???????

???? ???????
???????	???? property ??? ?????.
?????	8 ?????? 1912
?????	18 ????? 1913
??????	???????
	????? ????? - ?????

????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? 1912 ?1913. ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????. ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????. ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??????. ???? ?????? ? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????. ^[1] ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??? 1914 ????? ???? ?????? ≪????? ????? ???????? ??????≫. ^[2]

????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????????? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????????. ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??? 1912 ???? ???????. ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? 1912? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? 30 ???? ?? ??? 1913. ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? 16 ????? ?? ??? 1913? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????. ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????. ??? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????????. ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????. ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????????? ?????? ? ??????? . ^[3]

????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???. ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? 1877 ? 1878? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? 1881 (??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ?? ??? 1897) ???? ??????? (??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? 1878) ?????? ??????? ??????? (1885) ???? ???? ????? ??????. ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ???????.

??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????: ^[4]

???? ???????????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????????.
????? ????? ????????? ????????? ?? ??? 1911 ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????????? ???? ????? ≪????≫ ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????.
?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????????? ????????? ???????. ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?????.
??? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???????.
??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???????????? ????????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???????.

?????? ????? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ≪??????? ???????≫ ?????? ???????????? ????????? . ????? ????? ?????? ??? ≪?????? ???????≫ ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????. ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ≪?????? ???????≫ ????? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ??????. ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? (????? ?????? ???????).

????? ?????? ? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ??? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?? ????????????. ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???????????. ???? ???? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ≪????? ??? ??????≫? ??? ????? ???????????? ????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????. ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????????. ??? ?????????? ???????? ??? ≪??????≫ ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ≪??????≫ ????????? (???? ???????). ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????. ??? ??? 1904? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? (?????? ????????). ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? 1908. ^[5]

???? ??????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?? ??? 1908? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????. ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? 1876 ????????? ???????? ??? ??? ????. ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????. ?? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????. ^[6]

?? ????? ?? ??? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? - ????? . ??? ???? ??? 1909? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????. ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? (???? ???????: ?????? ?????) ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ≪????? ???????≫ (???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????).

????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? 15 ????? ??? 1909. ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???. ???? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????. ??? ???? ??? 1910? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????. ^[7]^[8]

???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??? 1909 ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????????. ??? ????? ??? 1910? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?????.

??????? ?? ??? ????? [ ??? ]

??? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? 1911-1912? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????. ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????????. ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ????? ?????.

???? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? 1911 ?????? ?????? ????. ????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? 24-26 ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????. ?? ????? ??? 1911? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????????. ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? 1911? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????. ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? 29 ?????? / 13 ???? ??? 1912. ???? ????? ?????? ??? ≪????? ???????≫? ?????? ??? ????? ???????????? ?? ??? 1909 ??? ????? ????????? ≪????? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????≫. ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????. ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? 1909 ??? ≪?? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????????. ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????≫. ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ?????. ????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??????. ^[9]^[10]

??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? 16/29 ?? ???? ??? 1912? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?????????. ??? ??? ??? 1912? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ≪???????? ??????≫ (?????) ?? ????? ?????? ??????. ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? 22 ??????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????. ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????. ^[10]

???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???????????? ????????? ?? ????? ??? 1912. ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???. ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????. ??? ????? ?????? ??? 1912? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????. ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ≪???????? ????≫ ?????. ?????? ?? ??? ?????????? ????? ???? ???????. ^[9]

???? ??????? [ ??? ]

?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????. ??? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???????. ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????????. ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????. ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?????. ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????????. ^[10]

?? 13/26 ?????? ??? 1912? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????. ??? 17/30 ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ????????. ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????????? ????????? ?? 25 ?????? / 8 ??????? ??? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ???????. ?? 30 ?????? / 13 ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????. ???? ???????????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? 4/17 ?????? ??? 1912. ^[7]

??????? ????????? [ ??? ]

????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????.

??? ??????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? 1912 ????? ???? ??? ??: ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ????????? . ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? 8 ?????? 1912 ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? 17 ?????? ?? ??????? ?? 19 ??????. ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? 30 ???? 1913. ??? ?????????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? . ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? 23 ????? 1913 ????? ?????? 1913 ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? .

??? ??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????. ? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? 1913 ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????????? ?? ???????.

????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ? ???? ?????? . ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ??????. ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ? ????? ????? ?????????? ? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? .

??????? [ ??? ]

??????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????.

	??????? ??????? 1900	??????? ????? 1900	??????? ??????? 1904	??????? ????? 1905
?????? ??????	2?190?520	2?880?420	1?711?607	1?824?032
???????	1?179?036	57?600	332?162	352?788
???????	225?152	?? ????	650?709	625?889
?????	700	2?048?320	?? ????	?? ????
?????	564?158	?? ????	634?017	745?155

???? ????? [ ??? ]

????? [ ??? ]

^ Clark 2013 ? ????? 45, 559.
^ Hall 2000 .
^ Winston Churchill (1931). The World Crisis , 1911?1918 . Thornton Butterworth. ?. 278.
^ Helmreich 1938 .
^ J. A. R. Marriott, The Eastern Question An Historical Study In European Diplomacy (1940), pp 408?63. Online
^ Marriott, The Eastern Question An Historical Study In European Diplomacy (1940), pp 433?63.
^ ^? ^? Ιστορ?α του Ελληνικο? ?θνου? [ History of the Hellenic Nation ] (??????????) (Vol. 14 ed.). Athens, Greece: Ekdotiki Athinon. 1974. ISBN : 9789602131107 . ^{[
????? ???? ??????
]}
^ "Military League" , Encyclopædia Britannica Online ???? ?????? 2006-03-24 ?? Wayback Machine
^ ^? ^? Anderson? Frank Maloy? Hershey? Amos Shartle (1918). Handbook for the Diplomatic History of Europe, Asia, and Africa 1870?1914 . Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2022-06-23. ^{[
????? ???? ??????
]}
^ ^? ^? ^? Hall 2000 ^{[
????? ???? ??????
]}

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ???? ???????

[FOOTNOTEClark201345,_559-1] Clark 2013 ? ????? 45, 559.

[FOOTNOTEHall2000-2] Hall 2000 .

[3] Winston Churchill (1931). The World Crisis , 1911?1918 . Thornton Butterworth. ?. 278.

[FOOTNOTEHelmreich1938-4] Helmreich 1938 .

[5] J. A. R. Marriott, The Eastern Question An Historical Study In European Diplomacy (1940), pp 408?63. Online

[6] Marriott, The Eastern Question An Historical Study In European Diplomacy (1940), pp 433?63.

[HellenicNation-7] ? ^? Ιστορ?α του Ελληνικο? ?θνου? [ History of the Hellenic Nation ] (??????????) (Vol. 14 ed.). Athens, Greece: Ekdotiki Athinon. 1974. ISBN : 9789602131107 . ^{[
????? ???? ??????
]}

[8] "Military League" , Encyclopædia Britannica Online ???? ?????? 2006-03-24 ?? Wayback Machine

[Handbook-9] ? ^? Anderson? Frank Maloy? Hershey? Amos Shartle (1918). Handbook for the Diplomatic History of Europe, Asia, and Africa 1870?1914 . Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2022-06-23. ^{[
????? ???? ??????
]}

[Hall-10] ? ^? ^? Hall 2000 ^{[
????? ???? ??????
]}

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????????? ???????????	?????? ????? (1871) ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? Taft?Katsura agreement ???????? ????? Martens Clause ?????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ????????
???????	????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? Weltpolitik ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????-?????? ????? German Naval Laws Austro-Italian ????? ????? Annexation of Hawaii ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????
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