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?????	29 ?????? 1847
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??? ????????? (??????? ???????) ??? 1847 ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ?? ?????????? (????????). ???? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?????????? (≪??????? ???????≫) ??? 1845 ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ? ????? ???? ≪??????? ??????≫ ??????? ?? ?????? . ^[1]

???? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????????? ??????? ???? ???????. ??? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ???????.

??? ?? ???? ?????????? (?????? ???????? ????????) ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? 100 ??? ???? ???? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? 3 ????? ?????? ??? 29 ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? 100 ???. ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????. ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? 24 ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????. ^[2]

????? [ ??? ]

??? ????? ?????????? (????????? ???????) ???? ?????????? ???????? ? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ?????????? ????????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? (??????????) ?? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???. ??? ?????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ????? ????. ??? ??? 1843? ???? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ??? 1945. ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????. ^[3]

????? ????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ????? ??? 1841? ??????? ?????????. ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????. ^[4]

???? ???????? ??????????? ?? ???????????? ??? ??? ?? ?????????? ?? 21 ????? ????? 1847? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? 6 ?? ???????? ????????? ???? 1815???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????????? ????????. ?????? ????? ??????????? ?? ????? ??????????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????? (???? ???? ??????).

???? ???????? ????? 1815? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???. ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????????. ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???. ^[5]^[6]

?????? [ ??? ]

????????? ????? [ ??? ]

???? ???????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??????????. ??? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? (??? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ????????? ?? ??????) ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? . ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? (??? ??? ????? ???? ??????) ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? 15 ????? ?????? 1847 ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???????. ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????????? ? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ≪???? ????????????≫.

??? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????. ??? ??????? ?? 26 ????? (?? ????) ?3 ????? ????? (?? ???? ????) ?10 ????? ????? (?? ???????? ????????? ???????)? ????? ????? ?????? ?? 16 ????? ????? ?????? ?? 19 ????? ?????.

??? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ????.

????? ???????? [ ??? ]

????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? 21 ????? ????? ??? 1847 ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??? ??????. ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? 22 ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ≪????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???????≫. ^[7]^[8]

??? 24 ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? (???? ???? ??????????)? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????. ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? 25 ????? ?????. ^[9]

???? ??? ???? ?? 26 ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???: ???? ?????? ??? ?????? (??????) ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ( ?????? ) ?? ??? ?????????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? (????) ???????? ???? ???????? ?????? (??????) ????????? (????) ?? ??? ????????????. ??? 30 ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? 4 ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??????.

??????? [ ??? ]

^ Joachim Remak, A very civil war. The Swiss Sonderbund War of 1847 (1993).
^ Ralph Weaver, Three Weeks in November: A Military History of the Swiss Civil War of 1847 (2012).
^ W. B. Duffield, "The War of the Sonderbund" English Historical Review 10#40 (1895), pp. 675?698 in JSTOR ???? ?????? 2018-07-17 ?? Wayback Machine
^ Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort (1911). "Switzerland/History/Constitution" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica (???????????) (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. Vol. 26. p. 259.
^ Paul W. Schroeder, The transformation of European politics, 1763?1848 (Oxford University Press, 1996) pp 571?72, 793?97.
^ Roger Bullen, "Guizot and the 'Sonderbund' Crisis, 1846?1848." English Historical Review 86.340 (1971): 497?526. in JSTOR ???? ?????? 2016-12-20 ?? Wayback Machine
^ In Reverdine (1997), op.cit., p. 28
^ See Dufour's letter of 19 October to the president of the Diet, cited in Reverdin? Olivier (1997). Slatkine (??????). La Guerre du Sonderbund vue par le General Dufour . ?. 25?26. ISBN : 2-05-101578-3 .
^ ≪Dans la seance du 25, M. Dufour a ete assermente et a accepte le commandement tel qu'il lui a ete confere par la Diete≫ , Nouvelliste vaudois . 29 ?????? 1847. cited by du Bois? Pierre. La Guerre du Sonderbund . ?. 144.

??? ????????? ?? ???????? ??????? :

??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????.

[1] Joachim Remak, A very civil war. The Swiss Sonderbund War of 1847 (1993).

[2] Ralph Weaver, Three Weeks in November: A Military History of the Swiss Civil War of 1847 (2012).

[3] W. B. Duffield, "The War of the Sonderbund" English Historical Review 10#40 (1895), pp. 675?698 in JSTOR ???? ?????? 2018-07-17 ?? Wayback Machine

[EB-4] Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort (1911). "Switzerland/History/Constitution" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica (???????????) (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. Vol. 26. p. 259.

[5] Paul W. Schroeder, The transformation of European politics, 1763?1848 (Oxford University Press, 1996) pp 571?72, 793?97.

[6] Roger Bullen, "Guizot and the 'Sonderbund' Crisis, 1846?1848." English Historical Review 86.340 (1971): 497?526. in JSTOR ???? ?????? 2016-12-20 ?? Wayback Machine

[7] In Reverdine (1997), op.cit., p. 28

[8] See Dufour's letter of 19 October to the president of the Diet, cited in Reverdin? Olivier (1997). Slatkine (??????). La Guerre du Sonderbund vue par le General Dufour . ?. 25?26. ISBN : 2-05-101578-3 .

[9] ≪Dans la seance du 25, M. Dufour a ete assermente et a accepte le commandement tel qu'il lui a ete confere par la Diete≫ , Nouvelliste vaudois . 29 ?????? 1847. cited by du Bois? Pierre. La Guerre du Sonderbund . ?. 144.

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