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??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????????. ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????. ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? . ^[1]

???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????. ^[2] ???? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? 50 ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????????. ^[3] ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ^[4] ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? .

??? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????. ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????. ^[5] ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????????? (Stephen Oppenheimer) ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? (Out of Eden) ???? ?????? (John Skoyles) ??????? ????? (Dorion Sagan) ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????: ???? ?????? ?????? (Up from Dragons: The evolution of human intelligence).

??????? [ ??? ]

??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???????. ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? . ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ????????? . ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????. ^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]

?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ???::

??????? ???????? ???? ???????
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?????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????????
????????? ??????? ?? ??????? (??? ??? ????? ?????? ) ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????
???? ???????? ( ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? )
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?????

???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???? B ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? : blades (???????) ?beads (?????) ?burials (?????? ?????) ?bone toolmaking (??? ??????? ?? ??????) ?beauty (???????). ^[10]

??????? [ ??? ]

?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ???????.

?????? ??????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? 50-40 ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? . ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? 50 ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? . ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??? 50 ???. ^[11] ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??? 50 ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????.

???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????. ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????. ^[12] ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????. ^[12]

??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????????? ? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? (Cro-Magnon) ?? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????????.

?????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? 100 ???.

????? ??????????? [ ??? ]

*??? ?? ??? Nassarius kraussianus* ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??? 75,000 ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?) ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????

???? ????? ????? ??????????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????. ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???????. ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ???????.

????? ????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? (??????? 250 - 50 ???) ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? . ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? (MSA) ???? ??? 90 ???. ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? 100 ???.

?????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ^{[
????? ?????
]}. ??? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? (maxima) ????????. ^[1] ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????. ^[5] ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? (Curtis Marean) ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? 164,000 ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????.

???? ????? [ ??? ]

??????? [ ??? ]

^ ^? ^? Mellars? Paul (2006). "Why did modern human populations disperse from Africa ca. 60,000 years ago? A new model" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . ?. 103 ?. 25: 9381. Bibcode : 2006PNAS..103.9381M . DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0510792103 . PMC : 1480416 . PMID : 16772383 . ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2008-03-11 . ???? ???? ?????? ?????? 2020 . {{ ??????? ?????? ????? }}: ???? ?? ??????? ??: |????? ??????= ( ?????? )
^ Mayell? Hillary (2003). "When Did "Modern" Behavior Emerge in Humans?" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-07-30 . ???? ???? ?????? ?????? 2020 . {{ ??????? ?????? ????? }}: ????????? ?????? ????? ???? |????? ?????= ( ?????? ) ? ???? ?? ??????? ??: |????? ??????= ( ?????? )
^ Ehrlich? Paul R. (2002). Human Natures: Genes, Cultures, and the Human Prospect . Island Press. ?. 159 ?160.
^ Diamond? Jared (1999). ?????? ?????? ?????? . W. W. Norton . ?. 39.
^ ^? ^? Mcbrearty (2000). "The revolution that wasn't: a new interpretation of the origin of modern human behavior" (PDF) . ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2013-12-14. {{ ??????? ?????? ????? }}: ????????? ?????? ????? ???? |????? ?????= ( ?????? )
^ Wade? Nicholas (15 ????? 2003). "leap to language" . New York Times. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2008-12-08 . ???? ???? ?????? 2009-09-10 .
^ Buller? David (2005). Adapting Minds: Evolutionary Psychology and the Persistent Quest for Human Nature . PMIT Press. ?. 468 .
^ "80,000-year-old Beads Shed Light on Early Culture" . Livescience.com. 18 ????? 2007. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2008-07-04 . ???? ???? ?????? 2009-09-10 .
^ "three distinct human populations" . Accessexcellence.org. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-04-02 . ???? ???? ?????? 2009-09-10 .
^ "William H. Calvin, A Brief History of the Mind (Oxford University Press 2004), chapter 9" . Williamcalvin.com. 1 ?????? 2003. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-06-26 . ???? ???? ?????? 2009-09-10 .
^ AP Spanish cave paintings shown as oldest in world 14 June 2012 ???? ?????? 06 ???? 2016 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? . ^{[
???? ??????
]}
^ ^? ^? Diamond? Jared (1992). ?????????? ?????? . Harper Perennial . ?. 47?57.

[mellars-1] ? ^? Mellars? Paul (2006). "Why did modern human populations disperse from Africa ca. 60,000 years ago? A new model" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . ?. 103 ?. 25: 9381. Bibcode : 2006PNAS..103.9381M . DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0510792103 . PMC : 1480416 . PMID : 16772383 . ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2008-03-11 . ???? ???? ?????? ?????? 2020 . {{ ??????? ?????? ????? }}: ???? ?? ??????? ??: |????? ??????= ( ?????? )

[mayell-2] Mayell? Hillary (2003). "When Did "Modern" Behavior Emerge in Humans?" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-07-30 . ???? ???? ?????? ?????? 2020 . {{ ??????? ?????? ????? }}: ????????? ?????? ????? ???? |????? ?????= ( ?????? ) ? ???? ?? ??????? ??: |????? ??????= ( ?????? )

[Ehrlich-3] Ehrlich? Paul R. (2002). Human Natures: Genes, Cultures, and the Human Prospect . Island Press. ?. 159 ?160.

[GGS_39-4] Diamond? Jared (1999). ?????? ?????? ?????? . W. W. Norton . ?. 39.

[norevolution-5] ? ^? Mcbrearty (2000). "The revolution that wasn't: a new interpretation of the origin of modern human behavior" (PDF) . ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2013-12-14. {{ ??????? ?????? ????? }}: ????????? ?????? ????? ???? |????? ?????= ( ?????? )

[6] Wade? Nicholas (15 ????? 2003). "leap to language" . New York Times. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2008-12-08 . ???? ???? ?????? 2009-09-10 .

[7] Buller? David (2005). Adapting Minds: Evolutionary Psychology and the Persistent Quest for Human Nature . PMIT Press. ?. 468 .

[8] "80,000-year-old Beads Shed Light on Early Culture" . Livescience.com. 18 ????? 2007. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2008-07-04 . ???? ???? ?????? 2009-09-10 .

[9] "three distinct human populations" . Accessexcellence.org. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-04-02 . ???? ???? ?????? 2009-09-10 .

[10] "William H. Calvin, A Brief History of the Mind (Oxford University Press 2004), chapter 9" . Williamcalvin.com. 1 ?????? 2003. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-06-26 . ???? ???? ?????? 2009-09-10 .

[11] AP Spanish cave paintings shown as oldest in world 14 June 2012 ???? ?????? 06 ???? 2016 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? . ^{[
???? ??????
]}

[Third_Chimpanzee_47-57-12] ? ^? Diamond? Jared (1992). ?????????? ?????? . Harper Perennial . ?. 47?57.

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