??? ?????????

??? ?????????
( ??????????? : John Closterman )?
??????? ?????
???????	??? 1660 ; ?????????
??????	24 ???? 1711 (50–51 ???) ; ????
??????	???????
?????? ???????
??????	????
??????	?????????
???? ?????	???
??????	??????
	????? ????? - ?????

??? ????????? ( ?????????? : John Closterman )? (1660 - 24 ???? 1711): ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???. ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????.

????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ????????? ?? ????????? ?? ???????????? ????????? ??????? (???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????)? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????. ^[6]

??? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ??? 1679? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????. ???? ?? ??? 1681 ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ????????.

???? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? 1691. ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????. ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????. ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????.

???? ????????? ?? ??? 1696 ??? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????. ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????. ??? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? .

???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ????. ????? ?????? ?? 27 ????? 1702. ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????. ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????. ??? ????? ????? ??????: ≪???? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??????≫. ^[7]^[8]

???? ????????? ?? ??? 1711 ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? .

?????? [ ??? ]

??? ????????? ?? ??? 1702 ???? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????????. ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????. ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????.

??? ????????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????: ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????. ^[9]

??????? [ ??? ]

^ RKDartists | John Closterman (??????????), QID : Q17299517
^ Web umenia | John Closterman (??????????? ????????? ???????????), QID : Q50828580
^ John Sheeran (12 Jan 2018). "Closterman, John". Grove Art Online (???????????). DOI : 10.1093/GAO/9781884446054.ARTICLE.T018253 . QID : Q103897874 .
^ Colin Matthew , ed. (2004), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography | John Closterman (???????????), Oxford: Oxford University Press , QID : Q17565097
^ https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/wd/m02z5k9l . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
^ Fagan? L. A. (1887). "Closterman, John (1656?1713), portrait-painter" . ????? ????? ??????? Vol. XI . Smith, Elder & Co. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-04-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-02-27 . ????:DNBfirst
^ 'Closterman, John' , in ????? ????? ??????? , retrieved 11 September 2007 "???? ??????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-03-04 . ???? ???? ?????? 2020-01-22 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )
^ Kloosterman biography in De groote schouburgh der Nederlantsche konstschilders en schilderessen (1718) by ?????? ??????? , courtesy of the ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ^{[???? ????]}‏ "???? ??????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-05-01 . ???? ???? ?????? 2020-05-27 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )
^ H. Walpole (ed. R.N. Wornum), Anecdotes of Painting in England, with Some Account of the Principal Artists , 3 vols (Henry G. Bohn, London 1849), II, pp. 606-07 . ???? ?????? 22 ????? 2020 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

??? ????????? ?? ???????? ??????? :

??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????.

[wikidata-c34a024c7c234718b4590a6886877b262490965f-1] RKDartists | John Closterman (??????????), QID : Q17299517

[wikidata-f0deb6eadb1f047cb294c7275537f813fe6f71ed-2] Web umenia | John Closterman (??????????? ????????? ???????????), QID : Q50828580

[wikidata-5c238d8d44c328e24b48c09f9f08f511d338e38c-3] John Sheeran (12 Jan 2018). "Closterman, John". Grove Art Online (???????????). DOI : 10.1093/GAO/9781884446054.ARTICLE.T018253 . QID : Q103897874 .

[wikidata-61a2fc7522e9aff7aeca73879ac1e209d36e7e57-4] Colin Matthew , ed. (2004), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography | John Closterman (???????????), Oxford: Oxford University Press , QID : Q17565097

[wikidata-16fa35935287b8b13cda9ebbed92a3ce00e8a30f-5] ttps://artsandculture.google.com/entity/wd/m02z5k9l . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )

[dnb-6] Fagan? L. A. (1887). "Closterman, John (1656?1713), portrait-painter" . ????? ????? ??????? Vol. XI . Smith, Elder & Co. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-04-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-02-27 . ????:DNBfirst

[odnb-7] 'Closterman, John' , in ????? ????? ??????? , retrieved 11 September 2007 "???? ??????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-03-04 . ???? ???? ?????? 2020-01-22 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )

[8] Kloosterman biography in De groote schouburgh der Nederlantsche konstschilders en schilderessen (1718) by ?????? ??????? , courtesy of the ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ^{[???? ????]}‏ "???? ??????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-05-01 . ???? ???? ?????? 2020-05-27 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )

[9] H. Walpole (ed. R.N. Wornum), Anecdotes of Painting in England, with Some Account of the Principal Artists , 3 vols (Henry G. Bohn, London 1849), II, pp. 606-07 . ???? ?????? 22 ????? 2020 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]