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( ??????????? : John Jacob Astor )?
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??? ???????	( ?????????? : Johann Jakob Astor )?
???????	17 ????? 1763 ; ???????
??????	29 ???? 1848 (84 ???) ; ???????
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??? ????? ????? ( ??????????? : John Jacob Astor )? (??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ? ^[2] ??? ?? ?????? ??17 ????? 1763 ???? 29 ???? 1848) ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????. ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? . ??? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??????.

???? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ????????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????. ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? . ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????.

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??? ????? ????? ??? ???? Encyclopædia Britannica Online (??????????)
??? ????? ????? ??? ???? NNDB people (??????????)

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^ ^? ^? Encyclopædia Britannica | John Jacob Astor American businessman 1763 1848 (???????????), QID : Q5375741
^ Jacob was always written with a 'c' in the records of Walldorf's Reformed Church, but Walldorf's Rev. Georg Speyer spelled the name with a 'k' in his laudatio for Astor's 50th death-ceremony and from then on the name remained that way in Astor's hometown. (see Herbert C. Ebeling. Johann Jakob Astor zum 150. Todestag , 1998, p. 2).

?????? ???? [ ??? ]

Ebeling, Herbert C. (1998). Johann Jakob Astor zum 150. Todestag . Walldorf: Astor-Stiftung.
Ebeling, Herbert C. (1998). Johann Jakob Astor - Ein Lebensbild . Walldorf: Astor-Stiftung ISBN 3-00-003749-7 .
Ebeling, Herbert C. (2004). W. O. Horn: Johann Jacob Astor - Ein Lebensbild aus dem Volke, fur das Volk und seine Jugend . Walldorf: Astor-Stiftung ISBN 3-00-014021-2 .
Smith? Arthur Douglas Howden (1929). John Jacob Astor, Landlord Of New York . Philadelphia and London: J.B. Lippincott.

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[wikidata-f093e9bc48e2e53d63163be239cb6a8595f59d8d-1] ? ^? Encyclopædia Britannica | John Jacob Astor American businessman 1763 1848 (???????????), QID : Q5375741

[2] Jacob was always written with a 'c' in the records of Walldorf's Reformed Church, but Walldorf's Rev. Georg Speyer spelled the name with a 'k' in his laudatio for Astor's 50th death-ceremony and from then on the name remained that way in Astor's hometown. (see Herbert C. Ebeling. Johann Jakob Astor zum 150. Todestag , 1998, p. 2).

[1]

[2]