한국   대만   중국   일본 
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( ??????????? : Julia Ward Howe )?  تعديل قيمة خاصية (P1559) في ويكي بيانات
??????? ?????
??? ??????? ( ??????????? : Julia Ward )?  تعديل قيمة خاصية (P1477) في ويكي بيانات
??????? 27 ???? 1819 ( 1819-05-27 )
????? ???????
?????? 17 ?????? 1910 (91 ???)
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???? ????? ????? ????? ??????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P119) في ويكي بيانات
?????? ???????? ???????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P27) في ويكي بيانات
???? ?? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P463) في ويكي بيانات
????? ?????? ?????? ???   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P26) في ويكي بيانات
???????
???? ?????? ????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P22) في ويكي بيانات
???? ??????
?????? ???????
?????? ????? ?   ??????? [2] [3] ?   ?????? ???? ?   ?????? ????? ?   ?????? ?????? ?  ????? ?? ?????? ????????  تعديل قيمة خاصية (P106) في ويكي بيانات
?????? ??????????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P1412) في ويكي بيانات
???? ????? ???   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P101) في ويكي بيانات
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IMDB ?????? ??? IMDB [5]   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P345) في ويكي بيانات
????? ????? - ?????   طالع توثيق القالب

????? ???? ??? ( ??????????? : Julia Ward Howe )? ( 27 ???? 1819 - 17 ?????? 1910 ) ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ≪????? ?????? ?????????≫. [6] ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????.

?????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ??? ?? ????? ???????. ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?????. ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????????? ???????. ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ? ≪?????? ???????≫ ?? ?????? ?????????. ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???????.

????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?????. ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????. ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????????. ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????????. ????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????.

???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ????. ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??? 1839? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????.

?????? ???????? [ ??? ]

??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? 1841. ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????. ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????. [7] ?? ??? 1843? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? 18 ???. ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????. ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? 1859 ?? ??? ????? ????????. ????? ??? ?????: ????? ?????? ??? (1844-1886)? ?????? ?????? ??? (1845-1922)? ???? ?????? ??? (1848-1922)? ???? ???????? ??? (1850-1943)? ??? ??? (1855-1948)? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? (1859-1863). ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????. [8]

???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???????. ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ≪??????? ???????≫. ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ≪????? ??????≫? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? 1814 ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????. [9] [10]

?? ??? 1852? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? 4.7 ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ≪??? ????≫. ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????.

???????? [ ??? ]

???? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????. [11] ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ????????? ?? ???? (???? ??????? ????? ?????????) ???? ???? (??????? - ??????) [12] ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? 1853. ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ≪?????????≫ ???? ?????? ?????.  ???? ?? ??? 1857 ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ≪????? ?? ??? ??????≫. ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ≪???????≫ ?≪????? ??????≫ ?≪?????????≫. ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????.

???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????. ?? ??? 1860? ???? ?????? ≪???? ??? ????≫? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? 1859. ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????. ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ???????. ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? 1860. [13]

???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????. ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ??? 1852. ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???????. ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? 1876? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??????????? ???????. [14]

????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????????. ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????. [15]

????? ?????? ???????? [ ??? ]

???? ??? ≪?????? ??????? ?????????≫ ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? 1861. ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? (John Brown's Body) ???? ?????? ?? 19 ??????. ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ≪?? ????????≫ ?? ?????? ??? 1862. ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????. [7]

????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? 1867 ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ≪??????? ????????≫ ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ≪?? ?????? ??? ???????≫ ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????. ????? ??? 1868? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????. ????? ?? ????? ≪???? ??????? ??????? ??????≫ ?≪????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????≫. ???? ???? ??????? ???? 9 ????? ??????? ?? ??? 1868. ?? ??? 1869? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????. ?? ?? ??? 1870? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????. ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? 1876? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ???????. ?? ??? 1877? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????. ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? 1876 ??? ??? 1897. [7]

?? ??? 1872? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ??? 1870 ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?. ???????. ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????. ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ≪???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????≪???? ??? ?????? ???? ≪????? ??? ??? ????≫? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???????. ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????. ?? ??? 1872? ???? ???????? ?? ≪??? ????≫ ?? ?????? ?? ?????. ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? 1893? ????? ??????? ??? 4 ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????????. ?? ??? 1874? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ≪????? ????????≫. ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ≪??????? ??????≫ ????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? 1880. ?? ??? 1883? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ????. ??? ??? 1885? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????????? ?????? ≪?? ??????? ?????? ?????≫ ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????. ???? ?? ??? 1899 ???????? ???????? ≪????????≫. ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??????. [7]

?? ??? 1881? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ?? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ≪???? ?????≫ ?? ??? ?????????. ?? ??? 1890? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????????. ?? ??? 1891 ??? ??? 1893? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????. ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????. ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? 1893 ??? ??? 1898? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ????????. ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? 1893 ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???????: ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??? 1908 ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????. [16]

?????? [ ??? ]

????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? 17 ?????? ??? 1910? [17] ?? ??? ???? ??? 91 ???. ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ??????????. ?? ??????? ??? ??? 4000 ??? ????? ≪?????? ??????? ?????????≫ ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ????????. [18]

??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??? 1916. ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????. [19]

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

??????? [ ??? ]

  1. ^ Virginia Blain; Isobel Grundy; Patricia Clements (1990), The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present (???????????), p. 899, OL : 2727330W , QID : Q18328141
  2. ^ American Women Writers: A Critical Reference Guide from Colonial Times to the Present (???????????), 1979, QID : Q106787730
  3. ^ Charles Dudley Warner , ed. (1897), Library of the World's Best Literature (???????????), QID : Q19098835
  4. ^ https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/julia-ward-howe/ . {{ ??????? ??? }} : |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
  5. ^ MusicBrainz (???????????), MetaBrainz Foundation, QID : Q14005
  6. ^ ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? 24 ????? 2016. ???? ?????? 25 ????? 2017 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? . [ ???? ?????? ]
  7. ^ ? ? ? ? Sandra F. VanBurkleo, Mary Jo Miles (2000). "Howe, Julia Ward" . ?????? ??????? ????????? [??????????] . ???????: ??? ??? ????? ??????? . ???? ???? ?????? ?????? 5, 2013 . (???????? ?????)
  8. ^ "Howe, Julia Ward (1819?1910)", Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History . Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2000. Credo Reference. Web. 07 November 2013.
  9. ^ "Julia Ward Howe Biography" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-07-18 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-01-21 .
  10. ^ Richards? Laura (1915). Celebration of Women Writers . Houghton Mifflin Company. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-10-08.
  11. ^ Biography Dictionary of Unitarian & Universalist Biography ???? ?????? 17 ????? 2019 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
  12. ^ "Julia Ward Howe" . National Women's History Museum . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-09-22.
  13. ^ Martyris? Nina (16 ???? 2016). "Battle Hymn at the Dining Table: A Famous Feminist Subjugated Through Food" . NPR. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-11-13 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-07-30 .
  14. ^ "Gardiner Public Library, Gardiner, Maine" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-08-16.
  15. ^ "Julia Ward Howe, Author of Battle Hymn, Spent Much of Her Life in Portsmouth" . Zilian Commentary . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-09-22 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-05-04 .
  16. ^ Williams, Gary. Hungry Heart: The Literary Emergence of Julia Ward Howe . Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press , 1999: 208. ( ???? 1-55849-157-0 )
  17. ^ Ehrlich, Eugene and Gorton Carruth. The Oxford Illustrated Literary Guide to the United States . New York: Oxford University Press, 1982: 71. ( ???? 0-19-503186-5 )
  18. ^ Corbett, William. Literary New England: A History and Guide . Boston: Faber and Faber, 1993: 106. ( ???? 0-571-19816-3 )
  19. ^ Ziegler, Valarie H. Diva Julia: The Public Romance and Private Agony of Julia Ward Howe . Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press International, 2003: 11. ( ???? 1-56338-418-3 )
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