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???????	26 ????? 1581
???????	19 ????? 1795
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??????	1880500 (1795)
??????	???? ????????? ?????? ; ????? ??????
	????? ????? - ?????

?????? ?????? ??????? (?? ???????? ??????? ?????????. ????? ??????: ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ? ??????? ?????????: ??????? ?????? ) ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? 1581 ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? 1795. ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????. ^[1]^[2]

???? ??? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? (VOC) ????? ????? ??????? ????????? (GWC)? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ????????? ????? (???? ??? ??? 2,000 ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????)? ?????????? ?????? (??? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????) ???????? (??? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????)? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ( ???? ????? ). ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ≪ ????? ?????? ???????? ≫.

????? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? 1568 ?1609? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? 1579 ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????????? ???????. ????? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? (????? ?????? ?????????? ) ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????.

????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? . ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ????????. ??? ??? 1795 ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????.

??????? [ ??? ]

??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? .

??? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ???????? . ?? ??? 1549 ???? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????. ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? . ?? ??? 1568 ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ^[3] ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????. ??? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ????? . ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????. ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ????????. ????? ??? ?????? ≪????? ????????≫? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? 1572 ?1579.

????? [ ??? ]

???????? ??????????

????? [ ??? ]

^ James Madison (11 ?????? 1787). Fœderalist No. 20 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-08-25.
^ Israel? J. I. (1995). The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness, and Fall 1477?1806 . Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN : 0-19-873072-1 .
^ Pieter Geyl, History of the Dutch-Speaking Peoples, 1555?1648 . Phoenix Press, 2001, p. 55.

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ??????? ??????

????? ??????? ????????
?????			?????
	?????????? ^[1]	?????? ? ??????? ^[2]		?????? ??????? (55 ?.? ? ????? 5?) ??????? ?????? (83 ? ????? ????? 5)
	?????????? ^[1]	??????? ????????		?????? ^[1]
??? ?????? (????? ??????? 4- 5)		??????	??????? ???????? ^[1] (????? ??????? 4- 5)
??????? ???????? (????? ????? 6?734)			?????????? ??????? (481?843) ? ???????????? ??????????? (800?843)
??????? ???????? (????? ????? 6?734)		????????? (511?687)


??????? ?????? (843?855)					????? ??????? ???????? (843?)
?????????? ^[3] (855? 959) ????? ???????? ^[4] (959?)					????? ??????? ???????? (843?)
??????
?????? ???????? ^[5] ( ?????? 11?16 )	?????? ?????? ^[6] (880?1432)	?????? ?????? ^[7] (695?1456)	????? ?????? ^[8] (1183?1430) ?????? ^[9] (1046?1543)		?????? ???????? ^[10] (862?1384)	?????? ???? (1071?1432) ?????? ????? (981?1421)	?????? ???? ???? ^[11] (980?1794)	????? ????????? (1059?1443)
	??????? ???????? ?????????? (1384?1482)
	??????? ???????? ???????????? (1482?1795) ( ???????? ?????? ??? ??? 1543 ) ^[12]
??????? ?????? ( ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ) (1581?1795)				??????? ???????? ????????? (1556?1714)
				??????? ???????? ????????? (1714?1795)
				???????? ??????? ????????? (1790)			??????? ???? (1789?'91)

????????? ????????? (1795?1806) ??????? ????????? (1806?1810)				?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? (1795?1804) ??? ?? ???????????? ???????? ?????? (1804?1815)

??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? (1813?1815)
????? ??????? ???????? ??????? (1815?1830)
?????? (1839?)				?????? (1830?)				??????? ?????? ?????????? (1839?)
								????????? (1890?)

^ ^? ^? ^? ????? ??????
^ ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? .
^ ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? 939? ?????? ??? ????? ????? (???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ) ?????? ???????? (???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ) ?? 959.
^ ????? ???????? -????? ???? ????? ??????- ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? "??? ?????"? ?? ???????.
^ ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? (????? ????????? ) ??? 1524 ?1536 ??? ???????.
^ ????? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? (??? 1432).
^ ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? (??? 1528)? ?????? ????? (??? 1528) ??????? ????? (??? 1182).
^ ????? ?????? ???? ??? 1288 ????? ????? ??????? (????? ??? ?? ???? ?????????) ?????? "???????" ?????? ? ????????? ?? ?? ??? ??????????? (???? ??? ?? ??????? ?????????).
^ ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???????: ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? (?? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??????? )? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????: ?????? ????? (??? 1182)? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? . ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? (???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? )? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? . ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????.
^ ????? ?????? ????? (??? ?? ????????? ??? 1237) ?????????? .
^ ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? 1096 (?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? 1678)? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? 1366 ??????? ????? ??? 1568. ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? .
^ ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????.

[1] James Madison (11 ?????? 1787). Fœderalist No. 20 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-08-25.

[Israels-2] Israel? J. I. (1995). The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness, and Fall 1477?1806 . Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN : 0-19-873072-1 .

[3] Pieter Geyl, History of the Dutch-Speaking Peoples, 1555?1648 . Phoenix Press, 2001, p. 55.

[foederati-4] ? ^? ^? ????? ??????

[5] ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? .

[6] ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? 939? ?????? ??? ????? ????? (???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ) ?????? ???????? (???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ) ?? 959.

[7] ????? ???????? -????? ???? ????? ??????- ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? "??? ?????"? ?? ???????.

[8] ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? (????? ????????? ) ??? 1524 ?1536 ??? ???????.

[9] ????? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? (??? 1432).

[10] ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? (??? 1528)? ?????? ????? (??? 1528) ??????? ????? (??? 1182).

[11] ????? ?????? ???? ??? 1288 ????? ????? ??????? (????? ??? ?? ???? ?????????) ?????? "???????" ?????? ? ????????? ?? ?? ??? ??????????? (???? ??? ?? ??????? ?????????).

[12] ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???????: ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? (?? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??????? )? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????: ?????? ????? (??? 1182)? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? . ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? (???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? )? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? . ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????.

[13] ????? ?????? ????? (??? ?? ????????? ??? 1237) ?????????? .

[14] ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? 1096 (?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? 1678)? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? 1366 ??????? ????? ??? 1568. ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? .

[15] ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????.

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[5]

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? ? ? ????? ???? ??????
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??????? ??????	??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ???????? (????? 1848) ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????
???? ?????	???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????