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??? ???? ??????? -??? ???? ?? ????? ????????- ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ???????????. ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????. ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ? ????? ???? ????? ??? (????) ?? ?? ??????? ?????????. ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??????. ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???????? (??? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????)? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ???????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????. ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? 31 ??? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? (?????????) ?????? ????? ??????????? ??? ??? 500 ??? ???????. ^[1]

???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ????????. ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????????.

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???? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ???????? ??? ???? ???????????. ?? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????. ?? ?? ???? ????????? (?????? ???????) ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??????. ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???: ≪?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???≫. ???? ????? ??????????? (?????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????) ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ?????.

???????? ????????? ??? ???? ??????????? ?? ???? ????????? (?????? ???????) ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???. ????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ≪?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? (?????????)≫. ^[2]

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????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????. ??? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ≪???????≫ (??????) ????? ???? ??????? ≪???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????≫. ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????????. ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ≪?? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ??????≫? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????????. ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????????? ????????? ??????. ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???????????. ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????.

???? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ????. ????? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????????. ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????. ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????. ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ≪??????≫ ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ≪????????≫? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????. ???? ?.???????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ≪???????≫ (?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????)? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ≪???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????≫. ??? ??????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????????. ????? ????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????.

??? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ????????. ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???????. ???? ??????? ??? ?????? 7 ?????? 3 ????? (???????? ????????? ?????????) ?4 ???? (????? ??????? ????????? ??????). ??? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ?????. ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ??????. ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ??????.

???? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????????. ??? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????. ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????. ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ≪????????? ??????? ???????≫. ?????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????.

?? ????? 1904? ??? ??????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????????. ????? ????????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????. ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ????????? ?? ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????.

??? ??????? [ ??? ]

??? ???? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????. ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????????? ?? ??????????? (???????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????). ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????. ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???????????. ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? 21 ?? ???? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????.

?? ??? 2005? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??????????????????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????????. ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ≪??????????≫ ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????????.

??????? [ ??? ]

^ Kamil Zvelebil 1973 ? ????? 155-156 (c. 450?550 CE); Kamil Zvelebil 1974 ? ???? 119 (c. 450?500 CE); Kamil Zvelebil 1975 ? ???? 124 (c. 500 CE)
^ Stuart Blackburn 2000 ? ????? 459-464.

??????????? ?? ???????? ??????? :

??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????.

[1] Kamil Zvelebil 1973 ? ????? 155-156 (c. 450?550 CE); Kamil Zvelebil 1974 ? ???? 119 (c. 450?500 CE); Kamil Zvelebil 1975 ? ???? 124 (c. 500 CE)

[FOOTNOTEStuart_Blackburn2000459-464-2] Stuart Blackburn 2000 ? ????? 459-464.

[1]

[2]

? ? ? ???? ?????
?????????	???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????? Downshifting Dry toilet ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? No frills Off-the-grid ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????
??????? ????????	??? Aparigraha ?????? Detachment ??????? (??????) Jesus movement Mendicant ???? (?????) ??????? ??????? ????? Plain dress Plain people ????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? Temperance Testimony of simplicity ^{[???? ????]}‏ ???? ????????
??????? ?????????	???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? Compassionate living ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????
???? ??????	?????? ???? Ernest Callenbach ????? ??? ????????? Duane Elgin ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? Satish Kumar Helen Nearing Scott Nearing ??? ??????? Nick Rosen Dugald Semple ?????? ????? ?????? George Skene Keith ^{[???? ????]}‏ ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???????????
????? ????? ??????	???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????? Suelo Thomas ???? ??????
?????	" Anekdote zur Senkung der Arbeitsmoral " Escape from Affluenza The Good Life ^{[???? ????]}‏ The Moon and the Sledgehammer Mother Earth News The Power of Half ?? ???? ???? ?????
?????? ??????	?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? Front Porch Republic ???????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? Intentional living Itinerant ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????

? ? ? ??????? ???????
???????	????? ?????? ?????? ?????? Logic Monotheism ????? ?????
??????	??????? : ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? Acintya bheda abheda ^{[???? ????]}‏ ??????? Bhedabheda ?????? ?????? Dvaitadvaita Shuddhadvaita ????????????? ??????? Pratyabhijna Pashupata Shaivism Shaiva Siddhanta
???????	??????? Ajnana ??????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ????? and Early Buddhist schools ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? Svatantrika
????	Abhinavabharati Arthashastra ?????????? ???? ??????????? ?????? Brahma Sutra ^{[???? ????]}‏ ?????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ??????? Jain Agamas ^{[???? ????]}‏ ????????? Mimamsa Sutras All 108 texts ^{[???? ????]}‏ Principal Ny?ya S?tras Nyayakusumanjali Panchadasi Samkhyapravachana Sutra Shiva Sutras ^{[???? ????]}‏ Tarka-Sangraha Tattvacint?ma?i Tirukkural ?????????? ?????????? Vai?e?ika S?tra Vedangas ???? ???? ????? Yoga Vasistha ?????
??????	??? ??????? ??????????? Avatsara Uddalaka Aruni ^{[???? ????]}‏ ?????? ???? Y?jnavalkya Gargi Vachaknavi Buddhaghosa ????????? ?????? ?????? Brihadratha Ikshvaku Jaimini ????? ??????? ????????? Akshapada Gotama ????????? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????? Vedanta Desika Raikva Sadananda Sakayanya Satyakama Jabala ???????????? ???????? ?????? ????? Vidyaranya More...
??????	?????? Abhasavada Abheda Adarsana Adrishta ??????? Aham Aishvarya Akrodha Aksara ????? Ananta Anavastha Anupalabdhi Apauru?hey? ???? Asiddhatva Asatkalpa ???? Avyakta ??????? Brahmi sthiti Bhuman Bhumika Chaitanya Chidabhasa Cittabhumi D?na ???? ????? Dhi Dravya Dhrti Ekagrata Gu?a Guru Vandana Hit? Idam Ikshana Ishvaratva Jivatva ???? ????? Kasaya Kshetrajna Lakshana Mithyatva ????? Nididhyasana ?????? Niyama ????? Paramatman Paramananda Parameshashakti Parinama-vada Pradhana Prajna ???????? Pratibimbavada ?????? ???????? ?????? R?jama??ala ?ta Sakshi ??????? ??????? Sankalpa Satya Satkaryavada Shabda Brahman Spho?a Sthiti ??????? Sutram Sv?tantrya Iccha-mrityu ?????????? Taijasa Tajjalan Tanmatra Ty?ga Uparati Upekkh? Utsaha Vivartavada Viraj Yamas ???? More...