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????? : ???? ????? ?????? ???????? . ??? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ????? 20 ???? ????? ??????? 6214 ????. [1]

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??????? - ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? - ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? .????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????

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???????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????: ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????: ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????." [4]

????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????.

7- ??? ???? (??????). [5]

??? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ( 1970 )?:

≪ ≪?????: ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????. ?????? ?? 500 ???? ??? 2000. ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? (??? - ????) ? ???? ????? ????? ??? 3 ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????. [6]  ≫

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  1. ^ ????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?????? 2013-05-18 ?? Wayback Machine
  2. ^ ??? ????? ????? - ???????? - ?????? 181. ???? ?????? 2018-07-01 ?? Wayback Machine
  3. ^ ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????. ???? ?????? 2012-01-29 ?? Wayback Machine
  4. ^ ??? ?????? (1981)? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ? ??????: ?????? ??????? ?. 68? QID : Q121010046 – ??? ??????? ???????
  5. ^ ? ? ???? ???? - ???? ???? - ?????? 162.
  6. ^ Scoville? S. A. (1979). Gazetteer of Arabia : a geographical and tribal history of the Arabian Peninsula . Graz, Austria: Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt. OCLC : 10452422 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-12.