????? ???????

????? ???????
( ??????????? : Thomas Cromwell )?
??????? ?????
???????	1485 ; ????????
??????	????? 28, 1540 ; ????
??? ??????	??? ?????
???? ????????	??? ????
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?????
	???? ?????? ; 1523
	???? ?????? ; 1529
?????? ???????
	?? ?????? ; 12 ????? 1533 ? ????? 1540
	???? ?????? ; 1536
?????? ???? ????? ??????
	?? ?????? ; 2 ????? 1536 ? ????? 1540
	????? ?????
?????? ???????
??????	????? ? ????? ? ??????
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	????? ??????
	????? ????? - ?????

????? ????? ??????? ? 1485????? 28 ????? 1540) ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? 1532-1540. ^[2]^[3]^[4] ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????. ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?? ????. ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? 1534? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????.

??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ? ????? ????? ????????? ???????. ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ?????. ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? 1533? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????. ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ????? (???? ????????? ??? ??? ??????). ^[5]

????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????. ^[6] ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ????. ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????. ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?? 28 ????? 1540. ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????.

????? ??????? [ ??? ]

?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? . ^[7] ?? ??? 1878? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????????:

?? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?????.. ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ???????. ^[8]

??? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? (??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???). ^[9]

???? ??????? ????? ??? 1485? ??? ??? ????? ??????? (????? 1450 - 1514)? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???. ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? (????)? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????. ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????: ????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????? ?? ????????. ^[10] ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????. ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? 1495. ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????????. ^[11]

???? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????????? . ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? 1474.

??? ??? ??????? ???????: ?????? ?????? (????? ?????? ??????? ???????)? ?????? ?? ?????? (??? ??????) ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????????. ??? ????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????. ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? 1529 ???? ???? ??? ???????. ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? . ^[12]

????? ???????? ???????? ???????? [ ??? ]

???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????... ?? ???? ?????. ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????. ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ????????. ???????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ??? 1503 ?? ????? ??????????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? (??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????). ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ????.

??? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? 1563. ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? 13 ????? ?? ??? ???????. ????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????????. ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ????. ^[13]

?????? ??? ??????? [ ??? ]

?? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ???????: ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? 1514? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????????. ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?????????. ^[14]

??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? 1518? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????. ??????? ?????? 26 ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????????. ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ????. ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???????. ^[15]

???? ??? [ ??? ]

????? [ ??? ]

^ The History of Parliament (???????????), QID : Q7739799
^ "Wolf Hall Part One-details" . IBDb.com. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2015-09-15 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-11-17 .
^ online ???? ?????? 19 ????? 2018 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ Peter C. Herman (2011). A Short History of Early Modern England: British Literature in Context . John Wiley & Sons. ?. 82. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-01-26.
^ F. Donald Logan (????? 1988). "Thomas Cromwell and the Vicegerency in Spirituals: A Revisitation". The English Historical Review . ?. 103 ?. 408: 658?67. JSTOR : 572696 .
^ Peter C. Herman (2011). A Short History of Early Modern England: British Literature in Context . John Wiley & Sons. ?. 82. ISBN : 9781444394993 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-04-05.
^ Bucholz & Key 2004 ? ???? 73.
^ Walford 1878 ? ????? 489?503.
^ Borman 2014 ? ???? 7.
^ MacCulloch 2018 ? ???? 16.
^ MacCulloch 2018 ? ???? xiii.
^ MacCulloch 2018 ? ???? 38:"Richard seems to have taken up his new surname in autumn 1529, for in mid-December he was already referred to as 'Richard Cromwell'."
^ Gairdner? James (1888). "Cromwell, Thomas (1485?-1540)" . ?? Stephen? Leslie (??????). ????? ????? ??????? . London: Smith, Elder & Co. ?. 13.
^ Kinney 2001 ? ???? 172.
^ Borman 2014 ? ???? 38.

???? ???? [ ??? ]

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ????? ???????

[wikidata-321c3655871fc7407ab6f513f8623a7c3a890dae-1] The History of Parliament (???????????), QID : Q7739799

[2] "Wolf Hall Part One-details" . IBDb.com. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2015-09-15 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-11-17 .

[3] ???? ?????? 19 ????? 2018 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[4] Peter C. Herman (2011). A Short History of Early Modern England: British Literature in Context . John Wiley & Sons. ?. 82. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-01-26.

[5] F. Donald Logan (????? 1988). "Thomas Cromwell and the Vicegerency in Spirituals: A Revisitation". The English Historical Review . ?. 103 ?. 408: 658?67. JSTOR : 572696 .

[6] Peter C. Herman (2011). A Short History of Early Modern England: British Literature in Context . John Wiley & Sons. ?. 82. ISBN : 9781444394993 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-04-05.

[FOOTNOTEBucholzKey200473-7] Bucholz & Key 2004 ? ???? 73.

[FOOTNOTEWalford1878489–503-8] Walford 1878 ? ????? 489?503.

[FOOTNOTEBorman20147-9] Borman 2014 ? ???? 7.

[FOOTNOTEMacCulloch201816-10] MacCulloch 2018 ? ???? 16.

[FOOTNOTEMacCulloch2018xiii-11] MacCulloch 2018 ? ???? xiii.

[FOOTNOTEMacCulloch201838-12] MacCulloch 2018 ? ???? 38:"Richard seems to have taken up his new surname in autumn 1529, for in mid-December he was already referred to as 'Richard Cromwell'."

[Gairdner-13] Gairdner? James (1888). "Cromwell, Thomas (1485?-1540)" . ?? Stephen? Leslie (??????). ????? ????? ??????? . London: Smith, Elder & Co. ?. 13.

[FOOTNOTEKinney2001172-14] Kinney 2001 ? ???? 172.

[FOOTNOTEBorman201438-15] Borman 2014 ? ???? 38.

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