???? ???

???? ???
( ?????????? : ????? )?
	??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ? ????? 14.
?????? ????? ??????????? ??????
	???? ????? ; 25 ????? 1227 ? 13 ?????? 1229
	????? ???
?????? ???
??????? ?????
????? ??????	????? ?????? : ???? (Тулуй)
???????	1192 ; ????? ??????
??????	1232 (??? 40) ; ???????
??????	?????????? ??????
??????	??????? ????
???????	????? ??? ; ?????? ??? ; ?????? ???
????	????? ???
????	?????
???? ??????	???? ??? ? ?????? ??? ? ??????? ???
?????	Borjigin
???	????? ??? (1209?1259) ; ?????? ??? (1215?1294) ; ?????? ??? (1217?1265) ; Ariq Boke (1219?1266)
?????? ???????
??????	??? ? ???? ?????
	????? ????? - ?????

????? (??????? ???????: ????? ? ( ?????????? : Толуй хаан )?? ( ???????? : 拖雷) ????? 1192 - ???? 1232) ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? . ^[1]^[2]

??? ??? [ ??? ]

?? ??? 1221? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????. ^[3] ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ???????. ^[4] ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? 700,000 ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????. ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????. ????? ???? ?????? ? ??? ?????? ≪?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???????≫. ^[5] ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????. ^[6] ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???????. ^[6]

????? [ ??? ]

^ "??????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? db1.ihp.sinica.edu.tw" . db1.ihp.sinica.edu.tw. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-15.
^ "??????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? d-nb.info" . d-nb.info. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-15.
^ Saunders, The History of the Mongol Conquests, 60.
^ Boyle? John (1963). "The Mongol Invasion into Eastern Persia, 1220-1223" . History Today . ?. 13: 618 – ??? Gentes.
^ Ibn Al-Athir Ali. The Chronicle of Ibn Al-Athir for the Crusading Period from Al-Kamil Fi’l-Ta’rikh. Part 3: The Years 589-629/1193-1231: The Ayyubids After Saladin and the Mongol Menace. trans. by D.S. Richards, 2010, p. 226.
^ ^? ^? “Sultan Sanjar Mausoleum, Merv, Turkmenistan,” Asian Architecture , accessed December 8, 2020, https://www.orientalarchitecture.com/sid/1320/turkmenistan/merv/sultan-sanjar-mausoleum . ???? ?????? 22 ???? 2021 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ???? ???

??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ?? ???????.

[1] "??????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? db1.ihp.sinica.edu.tw" . db1.ihp.sinica.edu.tw. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-15.

[2] "??????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? d-nb.info" . d-nb.info. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-15.

[3] Saunders, The History of the Mongol Conquests, 60.

[:2-4] Boyle? John (1963). "The Mongol Invasion into Eastern Persia, 1220-1223" . History Today . ?. 13: 618 – ??? Gentes.

[5] Ibn Al-Athir Ali. The Chronicle of Ibn Al-Athir for the Crusading Period from Al-Kamil Fi’l-Ta’rikh. Part 3: The Years 589-629/1193-1231: The Ayyubids After Saladin and the Mongol Menace. trans. by D.S. Richards, 2010, p. 226.

[:5-6] ? ^? “Sultan Sanjar Mausoleum, Merv, Turkmenistan,” Asian Architecture , accessed December 8, 2020, https://www.orientalarchitecture.com/sid/1320/turkmenistan/merv/sultan-sanjar-mausoleum . ???? ?????? 22 ???? 2021 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

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