한국   대만   중국   일본 
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Conjoined twins
X-ray of joined twins, cephalothoracopagus.
X-ray of joined twins, cephalothoracopagus.
X-ray of joined twins, cephalothoracopagus.
??????? ????
???????? ??? ??????? ??????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P1995) في ويكي بيانات
?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P279) في ويكي بيانات
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????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?   ???????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P1889) في ويكي بيانات
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???? ???? ????? ???? ????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P138) في ويكي بيانات
????? ????? - ?????   طالع توثيق القالب

??????? ???????? [1] ? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????. ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? 1 ???49000 ????? ??? 1 ??? 189000 ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ?????????. ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????. ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? 25?. ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? 1:3. [2] ?? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????. ???? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????. ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????. ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????????????. ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? (???? ???? ?? ????? ??????) ??? ????? ≪??? ??????? ???????≫ ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ????. ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????. [3] ? ??? ??????? ???????????? ????? ???? ???? (1811-1874) ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???????????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????. ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????. [4] ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????' ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????. [5]

????? ??????? ???????? [ ??? ]

???????: ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????. ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??:

  • ????? ??????? ????????? (28??? ???????): [6] ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????. [7]
  • ????? ??????? (5,18?):????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????. ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???????. [7]
  • ????? ???????? (10?): ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????. ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????. [7]
  • ???? ?????? (10?): ???????? ???????????? ?? ?????????????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????.
  • ????? ???????? (6?) ((craniopagus: ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ?????. ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???????. [7]

????? ???? [ ??? ]

????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????:

  • ????? ???????? (cephalopagus) : ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????. ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??????. ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? (????? ????? ????????? ?????) ?? ????? ???????.
  • ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????.
  • ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????. ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????. [8]
  • ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???????. ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????. ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????????.
  • ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ? 180????. ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????.
  • ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????????. ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????.
  • ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ?????. ??????? ???? ???? ????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????. ??? ??????? ???????????? ????????? (diprosopicparapagus) ????? ??? ??? ???? ??????. ???????? ??????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? (dicephalic)? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????.
  • ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???.
  • ????? ??????? (????? ???????): ????? ??????? ?? ?????.
  • ????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????????. [9]

????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?????. ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????????. ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? 70% ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? 10???? ?? ??????? ???

??? ??????? [ ??? ]

?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????. ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????. ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ?????. ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ?????. ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????. [10] ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ???.

? ?? ??? 1957? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????. [11] ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? (???? ?????) ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?? 27 ?????? 1957. ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????. ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????. [12]

?? ??? 1987 ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? (???? ??????) ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? (???? ????? ????????) ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????. ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????. ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????. [13] ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? 22 ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? 50 ?????.

??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? 2001? ?????????? ?? ????????? ????? ??? 2000??? ?????? ????? ???????. ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? 197 ???? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???????. [14] ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????. ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? 2009 ?? ???8 ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????. [15]

???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? (???? ?????) ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????. ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? 2000 ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????????. ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????. (????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????.) ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???????. [16] ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????. [17]

?? ??? 2003? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????? 36 ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????. ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????. ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???????. [18] ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? 8 ????? 2003.

???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? 2003? 45 ????? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????. ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? 18????? ?????. ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ???. ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????.

???? ??????? [ ??? ]

Conjoined brothers from Nuremberg Chronicle (1493).
Conjoined twin sisters from Nuremberg Chronicle (1493).

???? ?????

???? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? 300 ?.?(C.E.). [19] ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???942 ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ??????????? ????? ???. ?? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? (???? ????? ???????)? ?????? ?? 1100 ??? 1134 (?? 1500 ??? 1534).

??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???. ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? (???? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ???750 ????.) [20] ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ????????. [21]

????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? [ ??? ]

Chang and Eng Bunker, watercolor on ivory, 1835 or 1836
Conjoined twins lambs Former collection : Naturalization and collection Jules Berdoulat last quarter of the nineteenth century. Size : 66 x 37.5 x30 cm

??????? ??????? ????? ????? (????) ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????.

  • ????? ??????? ??????- ?????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? 2002. ??? ????? ??? ????.
  • ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? 21????? 2002? ??? ????? ????? ?? 2004. [22]
  • ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? 2006????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????. [23]
  • ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? 13 ????? ??????? 2004. ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ?????.
  • ????? ?????? (???????? ??? 2005) ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????. ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????. [24]
  • ????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? 15 ????? ??????2006. ??????????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????????.
  • ?????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? 2006? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????. ??? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? 2009. [25]
  • ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?? 8 ?????? 2010. ???????? ?? ????? ?????????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???????. ?? ??? ?????? ?? 7 ????? ??????? 2011.

????? [ ??? ]

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Conjoined_X-ray.jpg/230px-Conjoined_X-ray.jpg ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??????

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Nuremberg_chronicles_-_Male_Siamese_twins_%28CCXVIIr%29.jpg/220px-Nuremberg_chronicles_-_Male_Siamese_twins_%28CCXVIIr%29.jpg ???? ????? ???? (????) ?? Nuremberg chronicle https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Nuremberg_chronicles_-_Female_Siamese_Twins_%28CLXXXIIv%29.jpg/170px-Nuremberg_chronicles_-_Female_Siamese_Twins_%28CLXXXIIv%29.jpg???? ????? ???? (????) ?? Nuremberg chronicle https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Conjoinedtwinslarcomuseum.jpg/220px-Conjoinedtwinslarcomuseum.jpg ????? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? larco museum collection-??????https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Bunker_Grave.jpg/220px-Bunker_Grave.jpg ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Agneaux_siamois_de_Berdoulat_MHNT_ART_98.jpg/250px-Agneaux_siamois_de_Berdoulat_MHNT_ART_98.jpg ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???

???? ???? [ ??? ]

?????? ?????

????? [ ??? ]

  1. ^ ???? ????? (2003). ???? ????? ????? ?????? (???????? ???????????). ?????: ????? ????? ?????? . ?. 311. ISBN : 978-9953-33-054-9 . OCLC : 4771449526 . QID : Q98547939 .
  2. ^ "Conjoined Twins Facts".University of Maryland Medical Center.Retrieved 6 Jan 2012.
  3. ^ Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas; Vasan, Neil (2010). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1: 2010 20th Anniversary Edition. USA: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. p. 121. ( ???? 978-0-07-163340-6 )
  4. ^ "h2g2 - Twins - A369434". Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2014-08-03.
  5. ^ "Conjoined Twins". University of Maryland Medical Center. January 8, 2010. Retrieved February 9, 2010.
  6. ^ The embryology of conjoined twins, PubMed 2008-06-21
  7. ^ "www.collphyphil.org". www.collphyphil.org. Retrieved 2014-08-03.
  8. ^ Spencer, R (1995). "Rachipagus conjoined twins: They really do occur!".Teratology52 (6): 346?56. doi:10.1002/tera.1420520605. ???? :  8711621 . edit
  9. ^ "One of Us: Conjoined Twins and the Future of Normal: Alice DomuratDreger: 9780674018259: Amazon.com: Books". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2014-08-03.
  10. ^ "Dr.Bewrtram Katz, 83 - Obituary". 4.vindy.com. Retrieved 2014-08-03.
  11. ^ [2][dead link]
  12. ^ "Biography and Video Interview of Benjamin Carson at Academy of Achievement". Achievement.org. Retrieved 2013-05-20.
  13. ^ "In Conversation with Medicine's Miracle Workers -- Dr Chumpon Chan and Dr Keith Goh". Channel News Asia Singapore. April 19, 2001. Retrieved March 27, 2010.
  14. ^ [3][dead link]
  15. ^ "Siamese twin Jodie 'to go home soon'". BBC News. April 23, 2001. Retrieved March 27, 2010.
  16. ^ "We don't know how to tell Gracie her sister died so she could live; EXCLUSIVE DILEMMA FACING TWINS' PARENTS DAILY Mirror BEST FOR REAL LIFE. - Free Online Library". Thefreelibrary.com. Retrieved 2014-08-03.
  17. ^ . "Wired 11.10: Till Death Do Us Part". Wired.com. 2001-04-11.Retrieved 2014-08-03.
  18. ^ Berrin, Katherine &Larco Museum.The Spirit of Ancient Peru:Treasures from the MuseoArqueologico Rafael Larco Herrera. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1997.
  19. ^ The Life of the Prophet Muhammad: Al-Sira Al-Nabawiyya By IbnKathir, Trevor Le Gassick, MuneerFareed, pg. 132
  20. ^ A. Zahoor (1997), Abu Raihan Muhammad al-Biruni, Hasanuddin University
  21. ^ DA Staffenberg and JT Goodrich. Separation of craniopagus conjoined twins: an evolution in thought. ClinPlast Surg. 2005 Jan;32(1):25-34.
  22. ^ "Herrintwins". Herrintwins.Retrieved 2014-08-03.
  23. ^ "Many-limbed India girl in surgery". BBC News. 2007-11-06.
  24. ^ "NOVA | Separating Twins". Pbs.org. Retrieved 2014-08-03.
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