????? ????????? (?????? ?????)

????? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? . ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????????????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????.

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??? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???:

????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????.
?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????????.
???? ??? ???? ?????????? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????.
???? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????.

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?? ????? ?????? ??? ? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???????.

?? ????? ????? ??????? ? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????. ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? 1938. ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????-???????? ??? 1939 . ^[1] ??? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????.

??? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? 1941? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? 1943? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? 1943. ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? . ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????. ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? . ^[2]

??????? [ ??? ]

^ Christensen? Thomas? Jack Snyder (1990). "Chain Gangs and Passed Bucks: Predicting Alliance Patterns in Multipolarity" (PDF) . International Organization . ?. 44 ?. 2: 137?68. DOI : 10.1017/S0020818300035232 . ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2008-09-07 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-06-06 .
^ John? Mearsheimer (2001). The Tragedy of Great Power Politics . New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ?. 160. ISBN : 9780393076240 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-01-28.

[1] Christensen? Thomas? Jack Snyder (1990). "Chain Gangs and Passed Bucks: Predicting Alliance Patterns in Multipolarity" (PDF) . International Organization . ?. 44 ?. 2: 137?68. DOI : 10.1017/S0020818300035232 . ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2008-09-07 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-06-06 .

[2] John? Mearsheimer (2001). The Tragedy of Great Power Politics . New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ?. 160. ISBN : 9780393076240 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-01-28.

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