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??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ??????. ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? (????? ????? ????????? ?????? NVQ /SVQs) ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ≪??????? ?????????≫? "(Edexcel(BTEC" ? "OCR". ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? HND,HNC, ?????? ????????? ?? PGCE. ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??????. ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????. ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? 16 ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????. ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ≪??????? ???????≫ ????? ??????? ??????? ???????.

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????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ≪??????? ?????? ????????≫? ???? 1992?. ???? ????:

? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????

??? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???????. ??? ????? ?2016? ?????? ?? ??? ≪????? ?????? ???????? ?????????≫. ???? ?? ????? ≪ ????? ????? ? ???????? ?????????≫ ?????? ≪????? ?????? ?????? ????????????? ????????≫ ?? 14/7/2016? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????. ^[1] ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???2016. ??? ?????? ≪????? ????? ???????≫ ? ≪????? ????? ????????≫? ?? 2017? ^[2] ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ≪????? ????? ???????? ????????≫ ^[3] ????? ???? ??????? ???????. ????? ≪??????? ??????? ???????≫ ???? 2017 ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????/??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ? ≪????? ???????≫. ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ≪????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??????≫ ???????? ??? ≪????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???≫. ^[4]

???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? "Ofsted" ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????. ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ? ≪????? ???????≫.

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?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???????. ? ≪????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????≫ ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????. ????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????-A ? AS ??????.

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??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? 16 ???. ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? (???? ???? ?????? ???? SVQs)? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????. ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? -????? ?? ???? ?? ?? HND- ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????.

???? [ ??? ]

??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????: ? ????? ??????? ?????? ? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????

?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????. ??? ?????? ?? ???? ≪?????? ?????? ????≫ ??? ????? 2000 ???? ????? 2006? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????.

??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????. ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????????. ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ≪?????? ?? ??? ????????≫. ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ?????????. ≪???? ??????? ???????≫ ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? 2012? ^[5] ?? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????.

??????? [ ??? ]

^ Robertson? Alix (14 ????? 2016). "Department for Education taking over FE, skills and higher education" . FE Week . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-27 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-08-19 .
^ "New agency to provide joined-up education and skills funding" . gov.uk . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-07-24 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-04-25 .
^ "Education and Skills Funding Agency" . gov.uk . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-08-10 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-04-25 .
^ Technical and Further Education Act 2017 , accessed 11 January 2019 ???? ?????? 2019-04-11 ?? Wayback Machine
^ "Minister Quinn merges educational agencies to establish QQI" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-01-27 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-11-15 .

{???????}

????? ????? ??????

[1] Robertson? Alix (14 ????? 2016). "Department for Education taking over FE, skills and higher education" . FE Week . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-27 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-08-19 .

[2] "New agency to provide joined-up education and skills funding" . gov.uk . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-07-24 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-04-25 .

[3] "Education and Skills Funding Agency" . gov.uk . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-08-10 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-04-25 .

[4] Technical and Further Education Act 2017 , accessed 11 January 2019 ???? ?????? 2019-04-11 ?? Wayback Machine

[5] "Minister Quinn merges educational agencies to establish QQI" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-01-27 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-11-15 .

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]