?????? ??????

?????? ??????
Charles Goodyear
??????? ?????
???????	29 ?????? 1800 ; ??? ????? ????????
??????	1 ????? 1860 (59 ???) ; ????? ??? ????
??????	???????? ??????? ?????????
???????	?????? ???? ?????
?????? ???????
??????	????? ? ??????? ? ?????
???????
	?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? (1976)
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	????? ????? - ?????

?????? ?????? ?????? ( ??????????? : Charles Goodyear )? ( 29 ?????? 1800 ?? ??? ???? ? ???????? - 1 ????? 1860 ?? ??????? ) ??????? ?????? ?????? . ^[2]^[3]^[4] ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? .

??? ???? ?????? ??????

????? [ ??? ]

??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???????. ?? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ????????? . ?? ??? 1821 ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? . ???? ??? 1824 ?? ??????? ??????. ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? .

?????? [ ??? ]

??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????. ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????. ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????.

?? ??? 1898 ?? ??? ???? 38 ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??.

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?????? ?????? ??? ???? Encyclopædia Britannica Online (??????????)
?????? ?????? ??? ???? NNDB people (??????????)

????? [ ??? ]

^ https://www.invent.org/inductees/charles-goodyear . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
^ United States Patent Office ^{[
???? ??????
]} ???? ?????? 28 ???? 2016 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ Haven? Kendall? Berg? Roni (1999). The Science and Math Bookmark Book:300 Fascinating, Fact-Filled Bookmarks . Englewood, Colorado: Teacher Ideas Press/Libraries Unlimited, Inc. ISBN : 1-56308-675-1 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-01-02 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-10-25 . Famous Scientists: Charles Goodyear, chemist.
^ Zumdahl? Steven? Zumdahl? Susan (2014). Chemistry (?. Ninth). Belmont, California: Brookes Cole/Cengage Learning. ISBN : 978-1-133-61109-7 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-01-02 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-10-25 . However, in 1839 Charles Goodyear (1800 ? 1860), an American chemist, . . .

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ?????? ??????

??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ?? ???????.

[wikidata-d76769651c331576aeb5117bfeac20b8aa5aeb76-1] ttps://www.invent.org/inductees/charles-goodyear . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )

[2] United States Patent Office ^{[
???? ??????
]} ???? ?????? 28 ???? 2016 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[3] Haven? Kendall? Berg? Roni (1999). The Science and Math Bookmark Book:300 Fascinating, Fact-Filled Bookmarks . Englewood, Colorado: Teacher Ideas Press/Libraries Unlimited, Inc. ISBN : 1-56308-675-1 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-01-02 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-10-25 . Famous Scientists: Charles Goodyear, chemist.

[4] Zumdahl? Steven? Zumdahl? Susan (2014). Chemistry (?. Ninth). Belmont, California: Brookes Cole/Cengage Learning. ISBN : 978-1-133-61109-7 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-01-02 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-10-25 . However, in 1839 Charles Goodyear (1800 ? 1860), an American chemist, . . .

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

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