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????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????: ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????. ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????. ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????. ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????.

????? ???? ??? 2005 ^[2] ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???????. ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????. ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ? ?? ?? ???? ???? ? ?? ?? ???? ???? ? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????. ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??? ???????? .

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????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???????.

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????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????. ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????.

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????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??????. ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????????:

??? ?????? ?????? 45 ???? : ??? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????.
??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? : ??? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????.
??? ?????? ?????? 45 ???? : ??? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????.

????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????. ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? " ??????? ?????? "? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????????. ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??????. ????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ≪?? ??? ???? ??????≫. ^[3] ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????. ^[4] ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????. ^[5]

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????. ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????. ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?????. ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????.

??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? 1974 ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????.

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ?????? ^[6] ?? ????? ?????? ^[7] ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????. ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ^[8] ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???????. ^[9] ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????. ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????.

??????? [ ??? ]

^ ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? (???????? ??????????? ?????????)? ???????: ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ? ?. ??? ?. ???? OCLC : 1034549709 ? QID : Q109610899
^ ^? ^? ?????? ?????? - 2011/2012 ???? ?????? 2017-09-11 ?? Wayback Machine
^ Errors in judging 'offside' in football ???? ?????? 2010-04-19 ?? Wayback Machine
^ An offside position in football cannot be detected in zero milliseconds ???? ?????? 2016-10-15 ?? Wayback Machine
^ Can the human eye detect an offside position during a football match ???? ?????? 2016-10-31 ?? Wayback Machine
^ ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? (???????? ??????????? ?????????)? ???????: ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ? ?. 19? ?. 15? OCLC : 1034549709 ? QID : Q109610899
^ ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? (???????? ??????????? ?????????)? ???????: ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ? ?. ??? ?. ???? OCLC : 1034549709 ? QID : Q109610899
^ The Question: Why is the modern offside law a work of genius ???? ?????? 2013-06-22 ?? Wayback Machine
^ FIFA.com ???? ?????? 2012-11-06 ?? Wayback Machine

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ????

[1] ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? (???????? ??????????? ?????????)? ???????: ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ? ?. ??? ?. ???? OCLC : 1034549709 ? QID : Q109610899

[:0-2] ? ^? ?????? ?????? - 2011/2012 ???? ?????? 2017-09-11 ?? Wayback Machine

[3] Errors in judging 'offside' in football ???? ?????? 2010-04-19 ?? Wayback Machine

[4] An offside position in football cannot be detected in zero milliseconds ???? ?????? 2016-10-15 ?? Wayback Machine

[5] Can the human eye detect an offside position during a football match ???? ?????? 2016-10-31 ?? Wayback Machine

[6] ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? (???????? ??????????? ?????????)? ???????: ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ? ?. 19? ?. 15? OCLC : 1034549709 ? QID : Q109610899

[7] ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? (???????? ??????????? ?????????)? ???????: ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ? ?. ??? ?. ???? OCLC : 1034549709 ? QID : Q109610899

[8] The Question: Why is the modern offside law a work of genius ???? ?????? 2013-06-22 ?? Wayback Machine

[9] FIFA.com ???? ?????? 2012-11-06 ?? Wayback Machine

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