???? ???????? ????

?????? ?????????? ?????? ( ??????????? : Digital television transition )?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ? ?? ???????? ?????? ? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ???. ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ??????????.

?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ????????. ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??? 2000? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?????.

???? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ??????? (??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????) ???? ???? ????????? ??? ????????? ??????. ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????. ??????- ????? ????? ??????? ???????- ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????.

????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????. ???? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??. ???? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ≪???????≫ ?????? ???????.

??????? ???? ??????? ?????????? (???) ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? (?? ?? ??) ??? ????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????.

?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?? ????. ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ????. ^[1]

????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????????. ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????. ^[2] ????? ????? ?? 3 ????? 2003? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ???????. ^[3] ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? 1 ?????? 2006. ^[4]

??????? ??????? ?????? [ ??? ]

??????? ???? 2006 [ ??? ]

??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????? (?? ?? ??-06) ?? ????. ???? ????????? 17 ????? 2015 ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? (?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???????)? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????. ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ^[5] ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? (?? ??? ??) ????? ???? ?? ??? 17 ????? 2020. ^[6]

???? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? 2015? ^[7] ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????. ^[8] ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????.

???? ???????? ????????? ?? 28 ?????? 2009- ?? ???? ???- ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? 1 ????? 2012. ^[9]

?????? ?????? ??? ???????? [ ??? ]

?? ?????? ????? ????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????- ???? ???????? ???? ?????????? ????????- ?????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??????. ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? 2009? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ?????. ???? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????????.

???? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????. ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ????.

??????? ???????? ????????? [ ??? ]

???? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????. ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???????. ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???????. ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????.

????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????. ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???????. ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????.

??????? [ ??? ]

^ "Report ITU-R BT.2140-3: Transition from analogue to digital terrestrial broadcasting" (PDF) . BT Series Broadcasting service. ???? 2011. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2023-08-05 . ???? ???? ?????? 2022-02-22 .
^ Sterling? Toby (11 ?????? 2006). "Dutch pull plug on free analog TV" . MSNBC. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-05-26 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-05-25 .
^ Landler? Mark (3 ?????? 2003). "TECHNOLOGY; German Way To Go Digital: No Dawdling" . The New York Times . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-05-26 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-05-25 .
^ van der Sloot? Bart (?????? 2011). "Mapping Digital Media: How Television Went Digital in the Netherlands" . Open Society Foundations. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-08-14 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-08-14 .
^ "DigiTAG Analog Switch Off Handbook" (PDF) . 2008. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2011-09-28 . ???? ???? ?????? 2009-05-13 .
^ "Terrestrial Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ): Browse by categories" . itu.int . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-09-30 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-09-30 .
^ Itagaki? T.? Owens? T.? Orero? P. (20 ???? 2016). "Digital TV accessibility ? Analogue switch off in Europe and Africa". 2016 IST-Africa Week Conference . ?. 1?8. DOI : 10.1109/ISTAFRICA.2016.7530658 . ISBN : 978-1-9058-2455-7 . S2CID : 43649485 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-04-04.
^ "DSO slows down in ASEAN" . 12 ???? 2018. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-09-29 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-09-29 .
^ "Official Journal of the European Union" . eur-lex.europa.eu . 28 ?????? 2009. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-05-22 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-01-13 .

[1] "Report ITU-R BT.2140-3: Transition from analogue to digital terrestrial broadcasting" (PDF) . BT Series Broadcasting service. ???? 2011. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2023-08-05 . ???? ???? ?????? 2022-02-22 .

[nbcnews.com-2] Sterling? Toby (11 ?????? 2006). "Dutch pull plug on free analog TV" . MSNBC. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-05-26 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-05-25 .

[3] Landler? Mark (3 ?????? 2003). "TECHNOLOGY; German Way To Go Digital: No Dawdling" . The New York Times . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-05-26 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-05-25 .

[4] van der Sloot? Bart (?????? 2011). "Mapping Digital Media: How Television Went Digital in the Netherlands" . Open Society Foundations. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-08-14 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-08-14 .

[5] "DigiTAG Analog Switch Off Handbook" (PDF) . 2008. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2011-09-28 . ???? ???? ?????? 2009-05-13 .

[6] "Terrestrial Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ): Browse by categories" . itu.int . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-09-30 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-09-30 .

[7] Itagaki? T.? Owens? T.? Orero? P. (20 ???? 2016). "Digital TV accessibility ? Analogue switch off in Europe and Africa". 2016 IST-Africa Week Conference . ?. 1?8. DOI : 10.1109/ISTAFRICA.2016.7530658 . ISBN : 978-1-9058-2455-7 . S2CID : 43649485 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-04-04.

[8] "DSO slows down in ASEAN" . 12 ???? 2018. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-09-29 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-09-29 .

[9] "Official Journal of the European Union" . eur-lex.europa.eu . 28 ?????? 2009. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-05-22 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-01-13 .

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