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  ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? (?????) .
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?? ????? ??????? ? ??????? [1] ?? ??????? [2] ( ??????????? : Download )? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ???????? . ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ???????? (FTP) [3] ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ? ??? ????? ?????. [4]

?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? (P2P)? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ???????.

??? ??????? ?? ???????? ????????? ????? ? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????.

??????? ???????? [ ??? ]

??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ??????.

???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???: [5]

  • ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????.
  • ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????. [6]
  • ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? .
  • ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????.
  • ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ???.
  • ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????.

???? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????. ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? YouTube? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??? ????????.

??????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? BBS.

????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???????? ???????: ?? ??? ? ???? ????? ?????
??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? (P2P).

????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? (P2P). ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? . ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???????. [7]

????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????. ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? [8] ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????.

??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? . ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????. [9] ???????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ??????? .

???? ??????? [ ??? ]

??????? ???????: ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????
????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????? 2019. [10]
??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???????

(???? ????/?????)

67 1 ???????? 9.62
94 2 ??????? 6.24
100 3 ?????? 5.48
101 4 ??? 5.35
103 5 ???????? 5.27
104 6 ?????? 5.20
107 7 ???? 5.07
114 8 ???? 4.64
125 9 ?????? 3.88
154 10 ??? ????? 2.54
164 11 ??????? 1.93
166 12 ????? 1.88
167 13 ????? 1.84
169 14 ?????? 1.83
173 15 ??? 1.62
180 16 ?????? 1.39
182 17 ??????? 1.37
195 18 ????? 0.95
198 19 ?????? 0.88
200 20 ??????? 0.86
204 21 ????????? 0.59
207 22 ????? 0.38

?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? . ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ? [11] ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????. ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ???????. [12]

????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??: [12] ???????? ??????????? ????? ??? ????? ? ????????? ?? ?????? ? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????? ????? ?????? ? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ?????????. [13]

???????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ????? 5.6 ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? 2015?? ?????? ??? 6.3 ???? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? 2016?? ???? 7.2 ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? 2017? ?? ????? ????? ??? 15% ??? ???? ?????. [14]

?? ??? 2017?? ??? ????? ??????? [15] ???? ???? ??????? ?? 189 ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? (55) ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? (40.16) ?? ?????? (34.4). ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? (4.38) ???? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? (4.17) ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? (0.34) ?????? ?? ???????. [16]

??? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? 2019?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? 207 ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? (85.2) ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ???????? (70.86) ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ????? (?????? ???? ??? 67.46) ???????? ?? ???????. ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? (67 ???????) ?????? ???? ????? ??? 9.62 ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? (94 ???????) ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? (6.24)? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? (100 ???????) ?????? ???? ??? (5.48)? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? (22 ??????) ???????? (207 ???????) ?????? ???? ??? (0.38) ???????? ?? ???????.

???? ??????? ???? ?????? [ ??? ]

??? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? . [17] ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????. [18]

?? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? 90 ???? ?? 5 ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? (60) ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ????????? (ADSL)? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? (93.55$)? ????? ??? (71.76$) ?? ???? ??????? (66.06$)? ?? ??? ???? ????? (7.49$) ???????? (3.69$) ????????? (3.62$) ?? ??????? ??????? ???????. [19]

?? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? 2017?? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? 196 ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? (5.37$) ???? ???????? (5.51$) ???? ????? (9.93$) ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????: ???? (231.03$) ???? ?????? (267.87$) ?? ??????? (440.67$) ?? ????? ?????? ??????? (597.20$) ??????? ??????? ???? (961.22$). [20]

???? ????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? (Framing) ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? . ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????. ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????. [21]

?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ? [22] ??? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ?????. [23] [24] ????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????.

???????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? [ ??? ]

?? 17 ????? 2009?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ? ????? ????? ?????? ???? (3.6) ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????. [25]

???? ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??. ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? (Meltwater case) ???? ??? ??????? ?? 5 ????? 2014?. [26] ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????. [27]

????????? ??????? [ ??? ]

?? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????: ≪?????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????.≫ ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??: ≪?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? .≫

????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ???????? [28] ???? [29] ???? [30] ??????? ???? ?????????? ??? ?? ?????? [31] ?????? [2] ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ????????. [32]

???? ????? [ ??? ]

??????? [ ??? ]

  1. ^ ???? ?????? (2007)? ???? ??????? ??????????? (???????? ???????????)? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ? ?. 25? QID : Q108442159
  2. ^ ? ? "?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????????" . Ministry of Communication and Technology . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2015-09-27 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-01-13 .
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  11. ^ "What is "ping", "download speed", and "upload speed"?" . Ookla (???????????). 22 Mar 2014. Archived from the original on 2017-09-16 . Retrieved 2018-01-07 . {{ ??????? ??? }} : |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch ( help )
  12. ^ ? ? "The Guide to Internet Speed" . Plug Things In (???????????). Archived from the original on 2017-07-03 . Retrieved 2018-01-13 .
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  16. ^ "?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????????" . Ministry of Communication and Technology . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2015-09-27 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-01-13 .
  17. ^ "How Fast is My Internet? How Internet Speed Is Measured" . COMCAST (???????????). 5 Jul 2017. Archived from the original on 2018-01-04 . Retrieved 2018-01-13 .
  18. ^ "baseband and broadband signalling" . Cisco Systems, Inc. (???????????). 16 May 2010. Archived from the original on 2017-01-07 . Retrieved 2018-01-07 . {{ ??????? ??? }} : |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch ( help )
  19. ^ "Price Rankings by Country of Internet (60 Mbps or More, Unlimited Data, Cable/ADSL) (Utilities (Monthly))" . Numbeo (???????????). Archived from the original on 2017-08-24 . Retrieved 2018-01-07 .
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  30. ^ ???? ???? (11 ???? 2016). " "?????" ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???? "??????" " . ????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-01-07 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-01-13 .
  31. ^ "????? ??????? ??????????? ??? 27 ???? 2015" . ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? . 16 ???? 2017. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-03-17 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-01-13 .
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????? ?????? [ ??? ]


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