????? ??????

????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????????. ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????. ????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????. ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????????? .

?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????????. ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????????. ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????.

??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????. ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????. ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????. ^[1] ?? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????.

????? ????? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????. ^[2]^[3]^[4]

	22 °? (72 °?) ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????. ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?????.		165 °? (329 °?) ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????.
	196 °? (385 °?) ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????. ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???????.		205 °? (401 °?) ????? ??????????. ??? ??? ?????. ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???????.
	210 °? (410 °?) ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????. ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????.		219 °? (426 °?) ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????????. ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????
	225 °? (437 °?) ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????. ???? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????. ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? .		230 °? (446 °?) ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????. ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ???????.
	240 °? (464 °?) ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????. ?? ????? ????? ??????. ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????. ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???????. ^[5]		245 °? (473 °?) ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????. ^[6]
	250 °? (482 °?) ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????. ??? ???? ??????. ????? ??????.

???? ??? [ ??? ]

??????? [ ??? ]

^ Davids, Kenneth. Home Coffee Roasting: Romance and Revival . St. Martin's Griffin; revised edition, November 2003. ISBN 978-0-312-31219-0
^ Degree of Roast, by Dan Bollinger, http://www.homeroasters.org/index.htm ???? ?????? 23 ???? 2020 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ "Using Sight to Determine Degree of Roast | Sweet Maria's Coffee Library" . Sweetmarias.com. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2011-11-22 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-07-28 .
^ "Glossary of Coffee and Espresso Terms" . Coffee Review. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2014-07-01 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-07-28 .
^ "Glossary of Coffee and Espresso Terms" . Coffee Review. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2014-07-14 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-07-28 .
^ "Glossary of Coffee and Espresso Terms" . Coffee Review. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2014-07-14 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-07-28 .

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ????? ??????

[1] Davids, Kenneth. Home Coffee Roasting: Romance and Revival . St. Martin's Griffin; revised edition, November 2003. ISBN 978-0-312-31219-0

[2] Degree of Roast, by Dan Bollinger, http://www.homeroasters.org/index.htm ???? ?????? 23 ???? 2020 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[3] "Using Sight to Determine Degree of Roast | Sweet Maria's Coffee Library" . Sweetmarias.com. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2011-11-22 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-07-28 .

[4] "Glossary of Coffee and Espresso Terms" . Coffee Review. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2014-07-01 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-07-28 .

[5] "Glossary of Coffee and Espresso Terms" . Coffee Review. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2014-07-14 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-07-28 .

[6] "Glossary of Coffee and Espresso Terms" . Coffee Review. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2014-07-14 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-07-28 .

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

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???????	????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????
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????????	Cafestol ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????
???????	????? ?????? Coffee wastewater ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????
???????	?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? Cold brew ^{[???? ????]}‏ ???? ????? ???? ??????? lungo ristretto ??? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????? Handpresso ???? ????? Knockbox List of coffee dishes ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????
??????? ?????? ^{[???? ????]}‏	Affogato ???????? Bica Bicerin ???? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? Cafe de olla Cafe con leche Cafe Cubano ^{[???? ????]}‏ ????????? Cafe Touba Caffe corretto Cafe com Cheirinho ???? ?????? ???????? Carajillo ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????????? ????? Garoto ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? Ipoh white coffee ???? ???????? Karsk ???? ?????? Kopi tubruk ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? Long black ?????? Red eye Ristretto Rudesheimer Kaffee ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? Yuanyang
?????	????? ?????? ^{[???? ????]}‏ ????? ????? ?????? ^{[???? ????]}‏
??? ????	???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? Caffe sospeso ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? Kopi tiam ?? ??????? Viennese coffee house
????? ?????? ^{[???? ????]}‏	??? ?????? Barleycup Caro ?????? ???? Dandelion coffee ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????
????	?????? ?????? Coffee leaf rust ?????? ??????? ??????
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