????? ?????

??????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????.

?????? ????????? [ ??? ]

????? ????????? [ ??? ]

???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ??????. ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? 3% ?? ?????? 10% ?? ??????? ???????? 13% ?? ??????? 16% ?? ???????? ??????? ?????????? 27% ?? ???? ??????? . ^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[4]

?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? (?? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????)? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? . ^[5]^[6]

????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????. ^[7]^[8]^[9]

???? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ^[10]^[11]^[12]

????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ???????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? 2013 ???? 20.7 ???.

????? ??????? [ ??? ]

??? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????.

????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? 15 ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????. ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? (?????) ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???? 16 ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ???????? ?? ????????? ???? ?????. ^[13]^[14]

?????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????. ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? 2017 ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????. ???? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ????? 18 ?????? -?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????????- ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? 2001. ^[15]^[16]

????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ??? 2018 ??? ???? ??? ????? 46 ???? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ??? 18 ???. ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? 17 ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? 16 ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? (????????). ^[15]^[16]

???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????. ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? 14 ???? ?? ??? 2016 ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???: ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????.

???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????. ^[17]

????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????: ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????????. ^[18]

????? ???????? ???????? [ ??? ]

??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????. ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? 1973? ≪??? ????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????????≫. ????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?7% ???? ??? ????? 5-7 ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? 2015. ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? 2017 ??????? ??? ??? ???? 10000 ???? ???????? . ^[19]^[20]^[21]^[22]

??????? [ ??? ]

^ Franz-Stefan Gady. "India's Military to Allow Women in Combat Roles" . The Diplomat (??????????? ?????????). Archived from the original on 2019-12-13 . Retrieved 2017-12-11 .
^ UK, Ministry of Defence. "UK armed forces biannual diversity statistics: 2017" . www.gov.uk (???????????). Archived from the original on 2019-11-14 . Retrieved 2017-12-11 .
^ Forsvarsmakten. "Historik" . Forsvarsmakten (?sv-SE). Archived from the original on 2017-07-16 . Retrieved 2017-12-11 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????? ?????????: ??? ??? ?????? ( link )
^ ^? ^? US Army (2013). "Support Army Recruiting" . www.usarec.army.mil . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-11-09 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-12-11 .
^ Fisher, Max (25 Jan 2013). "Map: Which countries allow women in front-line combat roles?" . Washington Post (??????????? ?????????). ISSN : 0190-8286 . Archived from the original on 2019-12-04 . Retrieved 2017-12-11 .
^ UK, Ministry of Defence. "Ban on women in ground close combat roles lifted" . www.gov.uk (???????????). Archived from the original on 2019-08-31 . Retrieved 2017-12-11 .
^ Marshall, A; Panuzio, J; Taft, C (2005). "Intimate partner violence among military veterans and active duty servicemen" . Clinical Psychology Review (???????????). 25 (7): 862?876. DOI : 10.1016/j.cpr.2005.05.009 . PMID : 16006025 .
^ Canada, Statcan [official statistics agency] (2016). "Sexual Misconduct in the Canadian Armed Forces, 2016" . www.statcan.gc.ca (???????????). Archived from the original on 2018-03-30 . Retrieved 2017-12-11 .
^ UK, Ministry of Defence (2015). "British Army: Sexual Harassment Report" (PDF) . ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2017-03-09 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-12-11 .
^ "Canada's military issues new policies to welcome transgender troops as Trump insists on ban" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-01-15.
^ "UK top brass back transgender troops" . BBC News (??????????? ??????????). 26 Jul 2017. Archived from the original on 2019-12-17 . Retrieved 2017-12-11 .
^ Cooper, Helene (11 Dec 2017). "Transgender People Will Be Allowed to Enlist in the Military as a Court Case Advances" . The New York Times (??????????? ?????????). ISSN : 0362-4331 . Archived from the original on 2020-01-04 . Retrieved 2017-12-11 .
^ "Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (A/CONF.183/9)" (PDF) . 1998. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2020-02-10 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-03-22 .
^ "Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict" . www.ohchr.org (??????????? ?????????). 2000. Archived from the original on 2019-10-30 . Retrieved 2018-03-22 .
^ ^? ^? "Where are child soldiers?" . Child Soldiers International (???????????). Archived from the original on 2019-07-23 . Retrieved 2017-12-08 .
^ ^? ^? Child Soldiers International. "Louder than words: An agenda for action to end state use of child soldiers" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-07-24 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-12-08 .
^ Secretary-General of the United Nations (2017). "Children and armed conflict: Report of the Secretary-General" . undocs.org (???????????). Archived from the original on 2019-11-17 . Retrieved 2017-12-08 .
^ Brett, Rachel, and Irma Specht. Young Soldiers: Why They Choose to Fight. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers , 2004. ( ???? 1-58826-261-8 )
^ Morris, Steven (9 Jul 2017). "British army is targeting working-class young people, report shows" . The Guardian (??????????? ??????????). ISSN : 0261-3077 . Archived from the original on 2020-01-05 . Retrieved 2017-12-08 .
^ Gee? David? Taylor? Rachel (1 ?????? 2016). "Is it Counterproductive to Enlist Minors into the Army?". The RUSI Journal . ?. 161 ?. 6: 36?48. DOI : 10.1080/03071847.2016.1265837 . ISSN : 0307-1847 .
^ Segal, D R? ?????? (1998). "The all-volunteer force in the 1970s". Social Science Quarterly . ?. 72 ?. 2: 390?411. JSTOR : 42863796 .
^ "Machel Study 10-Year Strategic Review: Children and conflict in a changing world" . UNICEF . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-02-15 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-12-08 .

????? ?????

[1] Franz-Stefan Gady. "India's Military to Allow Women in Combat Roles" . The Diplomat (??????????? ?????????). Archived from the original on 2019-12-13 . Retrieved 2017-12-11 .

[2] UK, Ministry of Defence. "UK armed forces biannual diversity statistics: 2017" . www.gov.uk (???????????). Archived from the original on 2019-11-14 . Retrieved 2017-12-11 .

[3] Forsvarsmakten. "Historik" . Forsvarsmakten (?sv-SE). Archived from the original on 2017-07-16 . Retrieved 2017-12-11 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????? ?????????: ??? ??? ?????? ( link )

[:12-4] ? ^? US Army (2013). "Support Army Recruiting" . www.usarec.army.mil . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-11-09 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-12-11 .

[5] Fisher, Max (25 Jan 2013). "Map: Which countries allow women in front-line combat roles?" . Washington Post (??????????? ?????????). ISSN : 0190-8286 . Archived from the original on 2019-12-04 . Retrieved 2017-12-11 .

[6] UK, Ministry of Defence. "Ban on women in ground close combat roles lifted" . www.gov.uk (???????????). Archived from the original on 2019-08-31 . Retrieved 2017-12-11 .

[Marshall_862–876-7] Marshall, A; Panuzio, J; Taft, C (2005). "Intimate partner violence among military veterans and active duty servicemen" . Clinical Psychology Review (???????????). 25 (7): 862?876. DOI : 10.1016/j.cpr.2005.05.009 . PMID : 16006025 .

[8] Canada, Statcan [official statistics agency] (2016). "Sexual Misconduct in the Canadian Armed Forces, 2016" . www.statcan.gc.ca (???????????). Archived from the original on 2018-03-30 . Retrieved 2017-12-11 .

[9] UK, Ministry of Defence (2015). "British Army: Sexual Harassment Report" (PDF) . ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2017-03-09 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-12-11 .

[10] "Canada's military issues new policies to welcome transgender troops as Trump insists on ban" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-01-15.

[11] "UK top brass back transgender troops" . BBC News (??????????? ??????????). 26 Jul 2017. Archived from the original on 2019-12-17 . Retrieved 2017-12-11 .

[12] Cooper, Helene (11 Dec 2017). "Transgender People Will Be Allowed to Enlist in the Military as a Court Case Advances" . The New York Times (??????????? ?????????). ISSN : 0362-4331 . Archived from the original on 2020-01-04 . Retrieved 2017-12-11 .

[13] "Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (A/CONF.183/9)" (PDF) . 1998. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2020-02-10 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-03-22 .

[:16-14] "Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict" . www.ohchr.org (??????????? ?????????). 2000. Archived from the original on 2019-10-30 . Retrieved 2018-03-22 .

[:2-15] ? ^? "Where are child soldiers?" . Child Soldiers International (???????????). Archived from the original on 2019-07-23 . Retrieved 2017-12-08 .

[:1-16] ? ^? Child Soldiers International. "Louder than words: An agenda for action to end state use of child soldiers" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-07-24 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-12-08 .

[:3-17] Secretary-General of the United Nations (2017). "Children and armed conflict: Report of the Secretary-General" . undocs.org (???????????). Archived from the original on 2019-11-17 . Retrieved 2017-12-08 .

[:02-18] Brett, Rachel, and Irma Specht. Young Soldiers: Why They Choose to Fight. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers , 2004. ( ???? 1-58826-261-8 )

[Morris-19] Morris, Steven (9 Jul 2017). "British army is targeting working-class young people, report shows" . The Guardian (??????????? ??????????). ISSN : 0261-3077 . Archived from the original on 2020-01-05 . Retrieved 2017-12-08 .

[:102-20] Gee? David? Taylor? Rachel (1 ?????? 2016). "Is it Counterproductive to Enlist Minors into the Army?". The RUSI Journal . ?. 161 ?. 6: 36?48. DOI : 10.1080/03071847.2016.1265837 . ISSN : 0307-1847 .

[:42-21] Segal, D R? ?????? (1998). "The all-volunteer force in the 1970s". Social Science Quarterly . ?. 72 ?. 2: 390?411. JSTOR : 42863796 .

[:62-22] "Machel Study 10-Year Strategic Review: Children and conflict in a changing world" . UNICEF . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-02-15 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-12-08 .

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