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???? ????? ??? ??????? (1935)? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ????. ??? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???.

????? ????? ?? Gedankenexperiment (?? ????????? ) ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? [1] ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???????. ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????. ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????.

?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? .

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?????? (deiknymi) ????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ≪???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????≫? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????????? [2] ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????. ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??????. ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? [3] ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? '??????? ???????'.

?? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ???? '???????' ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? '?????'? ????? ?? ??????? ???????. ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????. (????????? ???? ??????? ? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ????????? (Paul Feyerabend)? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????. [4] )

????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? '??????? ???????' ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???????.

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  1. ^ "[C]onjectures or hypotheses ... are really to be regarded as thought "experiments" through which we wish to discover whether something can be explained by a specific assumption in connection with other natural laws." ? Hans Christian Ørsted ("First Introduction to General Physics" ¶16-¶18, part of a series of public lectures at the University of Copenhagen. Copenhagen 1811, in Danish, printed by Johan Frederik Schulz. In Kirstine Meyer's 1920 edition of Ørsted's works, vol. III pp. 151-190. ) "First Introduction to Physics: the Spirit, Meaning, and Goal of Natural Science". Reprinted in German in 1822, Schweigger's Journal fur Chemie und Physik 36 , pp. 458?488, as translated in Ørsted 1997 ? ????? 296?298
  2. ^ Szabo, Arpad. (1958) " 'Deiknymi' als Mathematischer Terminus fur 'Beweisen' ", Maia N.S. 10 pp. 1?26 as cited by ???? ??????? (1976) in Proofs and Refutations p.9. (John Worrall and Elie Zahar, eds.) Cambridge University Press ISBN 0-521-21078-X . The English translation of the title of Szabo's article is "'Deiknymi' as a mathematical expression for 'to prove'", as translated by Andras Mate , p.285 ???? ?????? 06 ?????? 2017 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? . [ ???? ?????? ]
  3. ^ Cohen, Martin, "Wittgenstein's Beetle and Other Classic Thought Experiments", Blackwell, (Oxford), 2005, pp. 55?56.
  4. ^ See, for example, Paul Feyerabend, 'Against Method', Verso (1993)

???????? ?????? [ ??? ]

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