?? ?? ?? ?????

??????? ????
???????	1895
????? ?????	BBC Proms (???????????)
?????	??????? ???????
??? ?? ??????? ???????	????
???? ?????	bbc.co.uk…
???? ??? ?? ?????	Last Night of the Proms (en)

?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ( ??????????? : BBC Proms )?, ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ? ^[1] ^[2] ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? . ????? ???? ??????? 2023 ?? ?????? 14 ????? ??? ????? 9 ??????. ????? ??????? ?? ??? 1895? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????? (?? ?? ??) . ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? (?? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????)? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???. ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??????????. ??? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ????? "???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????". ^[3]

?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??????????. ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? (?????? ???????) ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???????.

??????? [ ??? ]

??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??? 2004. ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? .

???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? 1838? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ??????? . ^[4] ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ??????. ?? ???????? ?? 10 ????? 1895 ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? . ^[5] ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????. ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? 1894 ^[6] ??? ????? ??????:

≪????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????. ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????????. ^[7]≫

??? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? (???? ???? "????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????") ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????. ^[8] ^[9] ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? 26 ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? "???????? ????? ???" ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????. ^[10] ?? ??????? ????? (?????? ?????? ??????) ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??????. ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????. ^[11] ??? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? 1902? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???????. ??? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ??? 1911. ?? ??? 1914? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????.

??? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????. ^[12] ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? (???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ) ?? ??? 1895? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????. ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????. ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? . ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ????????? (??????????? ?????????? ??? ?? ????) ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???. ^[13] ????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? 1941? ?????? ???? ??? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ? ^[14] ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????. ??? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? "?? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????????".

?? ??? 1927? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ?? (???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??????) ???? ????? ???????. ^[15] ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? (????? ?????? ???????)? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????. ??? ?? ???????? (???? ?????? ???????)? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? 19 ???? 1927. ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????. ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????. ????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? 1930 ???? "????? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ??????????". ^[16] ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ????????? ?? ??? 1930? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????. ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????. ??? ??? ??????? ????? ? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????. ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????.

???? ????? ???????? ??????? [ ??? ]

??? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? 1939? ???? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????. ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? 1941. (?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????). ?????? ??????? ??? ??? (??? ??? 1944) ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????????????? ??????? (???? ??? ???????? ???). ^[17] ^[18]

????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? (??? ??? 1927) ???? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? 1942? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ????????????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????. ^[19] ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???????. ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?? ??? 1944? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??. ^[20] ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ^[21] ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? 1944 ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? (???? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ????????? ??? ??? 1941) ????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????.

?? ??? ????? [ ??? ]

???? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? 1947. ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? 1966? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? 1949 ??? ??? 1959 ?? ??? ?????????? . ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ( ????? ?????? ? ??????? ) ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ????. ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ????????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? .

??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????. ^[22] ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ??? 1960 ??? ??? 1973? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ????? ? ????? ? ????? ? ?????????? ? ???? ??????? ????? ? ??????? ???? ? ?????? ? ??????????? ? ?????? ? ??? ? ?????? ? ???? ? ????????? ? ?????? ? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ? ?????? ? ?????????? ? ???? ? ?????????? ? ????? ? ???????? ? ?????? ? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????. ^[23] ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ( ??????? ????????? ? ???? ????? ? ?????? ????? ?????? ) ????? ?????? ?? ??? 1963? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ????????? ? ???? ?? ??? 1966. ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????.

??? ???? ??? 1968 ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? 1967. ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????. ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????.

??? 1990 [ ??? ]

????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???????. ????? ??????????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????. ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?? 3 ? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? . ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????????? (??? ???? 2011) ??????? ?? ????? ?????? "???????" ????? ???? ? ?? ??? 2017 ???? ????? . ???? ?????? (???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? 2013) ???? ??? 2019 ????? ???? ????? ???? . ^[24] ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?????.

?? ??? 1996? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????. ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????. ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? . ??? ?? ??? 2005? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????.

??????? [ ??? ]

^ "The Proms | A year of great events | BBC StoryWorks" . webcache.googleusercontent.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-07-31 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-11-18 .
^ "BBC Proms ? British Arts Festivals Association" (???????????). Archived from the original on 2023-04-19 . Retrieved 2019-11-18 .
^ 2007 Last Night of the Proms speech, Ji?i B?lohlavek, 8 September 2007 . Daily Kos , 3 November 2007. ???? ?????? 2023-04-19 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ Robert Elkin, Queen's Hall, 1893?1941 (Rider & Co, London 1944), pp. 25?6.
^ Henry J. Wood, My Life of Music (Victor Gollancz, London, First edition 1938, cheap edition 1946), 1946, p. 68.
^ Wood, 1946, p. 68.
^ Ivan Hewett (12 ????? 2007). "The Proms and the Promenerders" . The Daily Telegraph . London. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-04-15 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-07-20 . ^{[
???? ??????
]}
^ Peter Mullen (21 ????? 1995). "Everyone knows Henry Wood set up the Proms. But who remembers the man who hired him to do it?" . The Independent . London. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2022-06-18 . ???? ???? ?????? 2009-04-19 .
^ John Smith (18 ????? 2010). "Encore for the Proms" . Manchester Evening News . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-04-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2009-04-19 .
^ Wood 1946, pp. 68?84.
^ Wood 1946, pp. 69?71, 73.
^ In a BBC interview recorded on 23 August 1941, introducing Sir Henry Wood, W. W. Thompson, the orchestral manager, remarked, "There's only one man to speak for the Proms, for he is the Proms. That's Sir Henry Wood. Would you live them over again, Sir Henry?" (Henry Wood): "Every day and every hour." (Thompson): "All those five thousand concerts?" (Henry Wood): "Every one of them." R. Elkin, Queen's Hall 1893?1941 (Rider & Co., London 1944), Transcript pp. 138?46, at p. 143.
^ For a list of Wood's principal 'novelties' from 1895 to 1937, see Wood 1946, pp. 353?372.
^ "Sir Henry Wood Collection" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-04-19 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-09-13 .
^ "Symphony concerts" (PDF) . BBC Hand Book 1929 . ?? ?? ?? . 1928. ?. 71?72.
^ Elkin 1944, p. 33, quoting from W. Boosey, Fifty Years of Music (Ernest Benn Limited, London 1931), at pp. 177?78 . The title "Queen's Hall Orchestra2 was briefly revived in 1935 and 1936 for some recordings and a series of Sunday Concerts.
^ Thomas Russell, Philharmonic Decade (Hutchinson & Co, London, New York, Melbourne & Sydney [1944]), pp. 97?8.
^ Further details of Wood's sometimes difficult relations with Keith Douglas and with the BBC are given in Reginald Pound , Sir Henry Wood: A Biography (Cassell, London 1969).
^ Russell, Philharmonic Decade , pp. 97?8, 112.
^ In 1944 an article in The Times commented, "The Proms. as we know them are Sir Henry Wood's creation, and in their unbroken though slightly war-damaged career of 48 years they have depended on him through all vicissitudes of taste, finance, personnel, and management." (quoted in) Elkin (1944), p. 37.
^ Russell ([1944]), p. 112.
^ Doctor? Jenny (2008). "The Parataxis of "British Musical Modernism" ". The Musical Quarterly . ?. 91 ?. 1?2: 89?115. DOI : 10.1093/musqtl/gdn031 .
^ Bayan Northcott. "Small ripples in a calm sea: As the 100th season of Henry Wood Proms sails into port, Bayan Northcott wonders if the programming is running out of steam" . The Independent . London. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-04-15 . ???? ???? ?????? 2010-09-19 .
^ "BBC Proms theme tune: who wrote it and what is it?" . Radio Times . 21 ????? 2022. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-07-26.

?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? :

??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????.

[1] "The Proms | A year of great events | BBC StoryWorks" . webcache.googleusercontent.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-07-31 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-11-18 .

[2] "BBC Proms ? British Arts Festivals Association" (???????????). Archived from the original on 2023-04-19 . Retrieved 2019-11-18 .

[3] 2007 Last Night of the Proms speech, Ji?i B?lohlavek, 8 September 2007 . Daily Kos , 3 November 2007. ???? ?????? 2023-04-19 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[4] Robert Elkin, Queen's Hall, 1893?1941 (Rider & Co, London 1944), pp. 25?6.

[5] Henry J. Wood, My Life of Music (Victor Gollancz, London, First edition 1938, cheap edition 1946), 1946, p. 68.

[6] Wood, 1946, p. 68.

[7] Ivan Hewett (12 ????? 2007). "The Proms and the Promenerders" . The Daily Telegraph . London. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-04-15 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-07-20 . ^{[
???? ??????
]}

[8] Peter Mullen (21 ????? 1995). "Everyone knows Henry Wood set up the Proms. But who remembers the man who hired him to do it?" . The Independent . London. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2022-06-18 . ???? ???? ?????? 2009-04-19 .

[9] John Smith (18 ????? 2010). "Encore for the Proms" . Manchester Evening News . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-04-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2009-04-19 .

[10] Wood 1946, pp. 68?84.

[11] Wood 1946, pp. 69?71, 73.

[12] In a BBC interview recorded on 23 August 1941, introducing Sir Henry Wood, W. W. Thompson, the orchestral manager, remarked, "There's only one man to speak for the Proms, for he is the Proms. That's Sir Henry Wood. Would you live them over again, Sir Henry?" (Henry Wood): "Every day and every hour." (Thompson): "All those five thousand concerts?" (Henry Wood): "Every one of them." R. Elkin, Queen's Hall 1893?1941 (Rider & Co., London 1944), Transcript pp. 138?46, at p. 143.

[13] For a list of Wood's principal 'novelties' from 1895 to 1937, see Wood 1946, pp. 353?372.

[14] "Sir Henry Wood Collection" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-04-19 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-09-13 .

[BBCHB-15] "Symphony concerts" (PDF) . BBC Hand Book 1929 . ?? ?? ?? . 1928. ?. 71?72.

[16] Elkin 1944, p. 33, quoting from W. Boosey, Fifty Years of Music (Ernest Benn Limited, London 1931), at pp. 177?78 . The title "Queen's Hall Orchestra2 was briefly revived in 1935 and 1936 for some recordings and a series of Sunday Concerts.

[17] Thomas Russell, Philharmonic Decade (Hutchinson & Co, London, New York, Melbourne & Sydney [1944]), pp. 97?8.

[18] Further details of Wood's sometimes difficult relations with Keith Douglas and with the BBC are given in Reginald Pound , Sir Henry Wood: A Biography (Cassell, London 1969).

[19] Russell, Philharmonic Decade , pp. 97?8, 112.

[20] In 1944 an article in The Times commented, "The Proms. as we know them are Sir Henry Wood's creation, and in their unbroken though slightly war-damaged career of 48 years they have depended on him through all vicissitudes of taste, finance, personnel, and management." (quoted in) Elkin (1944), p. 37.

[21] Russell ([1944]), p. 112.

[22] Doctor? Jenny (2008). "The Parataxis of "British Musical Modernism" ". The Musical Quarterly . ?. 91 ?. 1?2: 89?115. DOI : 10.1093/musqtl/gdn031 .

[23] Bayan Northcott. "Small ripples in a calm sea: As the 100th season of Henry Wood Proms sails into port, Bayan Northcott wonders if the programming is running out of steam" . The Independent . London. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-04-15 . ???? ???? ?????? 2010-09-19 .

[24] "BBC Proms theme tune: who wrote it and what is it?" . Radio Times . 21 ????? 2022. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-07-26.

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