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??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? 1710 ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ? ????????. ^[2]

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???????? ????? ????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????. ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????. ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???????. ????????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ????????.

??? ??? 1848? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? (CBOT-). ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????? (??? ?????) ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? 1851. ??? ??? 1865? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????.

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^ Aristotle, Politics, trans. Benjamin Jowett, vol. 2, The Great Books of the Western World, book 1, chap. 11, p. 453.
^ Private ordering at the world's first futures exchange. (Dojima Rice Exchange in Osaka, Japan) - Michigan Law Review | Encyclopedia.com ???? ?????? 2010-05-19 ?? Wayback Machine

????? ????????

[1] Aristotle, Politics, trans. Benjamin Jowett, vol. 2, The Great Books of the Western World, book 1, chap. 11, p. 453.

[2] Private ordering at the world's first futures exchange. (Dojima Rice Exchange in Osaka, Japan) - Michigan Law Review | Encyclopedia.com ???? ?????? 2010-05-19 ?? Wayback Machine

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