????? ??????????

???????
???? ????? ???	?????????? ?? ?? ????
??? ??????	????? ?????
??????	????? ? ???????
??????? ????????	?????
?????	??????? ; ?????? ???????? ; ??????? ??????? ; ????? ??????
??? ???? ??	?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????
??????	?????
????? ???????	1788
????????	1791
???????? ??????	6 ????? 1791 ;
????? ?????	???? ???? ?????? ;
????????	26 ???
??? ??	?????? ????????? ???????? ? Berlin Customs Wall (en)
???? ??????	??? ????
????? ????????	????? ???????? ?????
??????? ????????	???? ??????? ????????
???? ?????	visitberlin.de… (??????????)
??????????	52°30′59″N 13°22′40″E / 52.5163°N 13.3777°E

????? ?????????? ( ?????????? : Brandenburger Tor )? [] ( ???? ) ? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ?????????? ??????? ????????? . ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????????? .

????? ?????????? ( ?????????? : Brandenburger Tor ) ?? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?????????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ? ??? ?????? ??? 1788 ?????? ??? 1791 ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????.

?? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? 1989 ????? ????? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????????. ????????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????????. ???? ????? ?????????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? 1788 ??? 1791? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ????????? ????? . ?? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????? 11 ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??????. ?? 1793? ?? ??? ????? ?????????? (???? ????? ????? ????) ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???????.

??? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? 2002 ?? ????? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????. [1]

????? [ ??? ]

^ ????? ??: ??? ?????? . ??????: 30 ????? 2018. ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????: ?????????.
^ ???? ????: https://www.steine-und-minerale.de/artikel.php?f=3&topic=3&ID=105&titel=In,%20auf%20und%20aus%20Gestein%20gebaut%20-%20Brandenburger%20Tor&keywords=Brandenburger%20Tor,%20Sehensw%FCrdigkeiten,%20Berlin,%20gro%DFes%20Tor .
^ " Das Brandenburger Tor - Alle Infos auf einen Blick " . ???? ???? ?????? 2022-11-04 .

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ????? ??????????

??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ?? ???????.

[bf2de1ecdd9f1e29589dae68b577d20b6208fbeb-1] ????? ??: ??? ?????? . ??????: 30 ????? 2018. ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????: ?????????.

[7ce6a97d74bdc370698f6774166825907f4d7d25-2] ???? ????: https://www.steine-und-minerale.de/artikel.php?f=3&topic=3&ID=105&titel=In,%20auf%20und%20aus%20Gestein%20gebaut%20-%20Brandenburger%20Tor&keywords=Brandenburger%20Tor,%20Sehensw%FCrdigkeiten,%20Berlin,%20gro%DFes%20Tor .

[3b495353c5c3ca6053ba687a4552788331a3ce4e-3] " Das Brandenburger Tor - Alle Infos auf einen Blick " . ???? ???? ?????? 2022-11-04 .

[1]

[2]

? ? ? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????
????	????? ??????? ( ???? ?????? ) ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????? (?????) ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ???????????? ??????????????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? (?????) ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ^{[???? ????]}‏ ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ????????? (?????) ???? ??????? ???? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????
????? ???????	???? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? (???????) ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? (?????) Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church ???????? ??? ?????? Kurfurstendamm ???? ???????? ????????? Berlin's Natural History Museum ^{[???? ????]}‏ ?????? ???????? (?????) ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ?????????? (?????????) Tauentzienstraße ???? ????? ??????? Tiergarten ???? ????? (?????) Viktoriapark ????? ??????
????? ???????	Berlin-Hohenschonhausen Memorial ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????-?????-??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? (?????) ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? Soviet War Memorial (Treptower Park)
????? ????? ???????	??? ???????????? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ???????? ????????? (???????) ????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???????
???? ????? ??????? R ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????