??????? ????? ??????? (??? 16 ???? 1953)? ????? ???? ???? ? rms, ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????. ?? ?????? 1983? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????. ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? 1985 ???? ????? ????????? ????? (FSF). ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? (copyleft)? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? GPL? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????????.. ??? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????. ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???? Emacs ??????, ?????? ???????? ??? GNU Compiler Collection, ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????????. ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? 1989.