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???? ??? ?? ?????	papillary line (en)

????? - ????? ????? - ????? ???? ??????

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??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? Bloodstain pattern analysis ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? Epidemiology ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? Palynology ??? ??????? ?????? Podiatry ??? ?????? ??????
???? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? Psychotherapy Social work
??? ??????? ?????? ?????? Body identification ?????? ????? Colorimetry Election forensics ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? Firearm examination     [???? ????] ‏ Footwear evidence     [???? ????] ‏ ??? ????? Profiling Gloveprint analysis     [???? ????] ‏ ???? ???? ???? Questioned document examination ?????? ??? ??????? Forensic geophysics ??? ?????????? ???????
???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? Data analysis Database study     [???? ????] ‏ ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? Network analysis     [???? ????] ‏ ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? Video analysis     [???? ????] ‏ Audio analysis
???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????     [???? ????] ‏ ??? ????? ???????     [???? ????] ‏ Fractography ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????     [???? ????] ‏ ????? ????? Traffic collision reconstruction
?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? CSI effect ??????? ???? ?????     [???? ????] ‏ Pollen calendar ????? ???     [???? ????] ‏ ???? ??????     [???? ????] ‏ ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????     [???? ????] ‏
Outline ?????
? ? ?

???? ?????? ^[1] ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? .

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???? ??????? [ ??? ]

??? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? 2000 ??? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????.??? ??? 1877 ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????. ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? 1892 ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????. ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????. ??? ??? 1901 ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ? ?? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????. ^[3]

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