????????

??????????????? ^[1] ?? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ????? . ^[2]

? ???? ??? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????? ? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ? ???????? ????? ??????????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????????? ? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????????? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ? ????? ????? ??????? ??????????.

?????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????. ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? bourg ?? ???????: ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????. ???????????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?????????????.

??????????? ?????????? [ ??? ]

?? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ??????????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????. ?????? ????????? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????. ^[3]^[4]

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????. ??? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ? ??????????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? . ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????????. ??? ????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? (????? ????? ?????? ???) ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????????? (??? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????)? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????. ^[5]^[6]

?????? ?????? [ ??? ]

??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ????????????? ? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????. ???? ???? ???? ??????????? ≪???????≫ ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????. ^[7]^[8]

???? ???? [ ??? ]

????? [ ??? ]

^ ?????? ????????: ???? ??? ??? ??? (1985)? ?????? ??????? ? ??????: ???? ?????? (?. 1)? ????: ????? ??????? ? ?. 138? OCLC : 1136027329 ? QID : Q116176016
^ ????? ???????????? ? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ? 40
^ "bourgeoisie | Definition, History, & Facts" . Encyclopedia Britannica (???????????). Archived from the original on 2018-07-09 . Retrieved 2018-02-17 .
^ "The Revolt of the Bourgeoisie - HistoryWiz French Revolution" . www.historywiz.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-10-05 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-02-17 .
^ "bourgeoisie facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about bourgeoisie" . www.encyclopedia.com (???????????). Archived from the original on 2018-02-11 . Retrieved 2018-02-17 .
^ "How the bourgeoisie changed the world - in a good way" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-04-30 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-02-17 .
^ Clay, Lauren R. (1 Jan 2015). "The Bourgeoisie, Capitalism, and the Origins of the French Revolution" (???????????). DOI : 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199639748.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199639748-e-002 . Archived from the original on 2019-04-13. {{ ??????? ?????? ????? }}: ????????? ?????? ????? ???? |????? ?????= ( help )
^ "Was French revolution A Bourgeoisie Revolution?" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-09-25 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-02-17 .

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ????????

[1] ?????? ????????: ???? ??? ??? ??? (1985)? ?????? ??????? ? ??????: ???? ?????? (?. 1)? ????: ????? ??????? ? ?. 138? OCLC : 1136027329 ? QID : Q116176016

[2] ????? ???????????? ? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ? 40

[3] "bourgeoisie | Definition, History, & Facts" . Encyclopedia Britannica (???????????). Archived from the original on 2018-07-09 . Retrieved 2018-02-17 .

[4] "The Revolt of the Bourgeoisie - HistoryWiz French Revolution" . www.historywiz.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-10-05 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-02-17 .

[5] "bourgeoisie facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about bourgeoisie" . www.encyclopedia.com (???????????). Archived from the original on 2018-02-11 . Retrieved 2018-02-17 .

[6] "How the bourgeoisie changed the world - in a good way" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-04-30 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-02-17 .

[7] Clay, Lauren R. (1 Jan 2015). "The Bourgeoisie, Capitalism, and the Origins of the French Revolution" (???????????). DOI : 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199639748.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199639748-e-002 . Archived from the original on 2019-04-13. {{ ??????? ?????? ????? }}: ????????? ?????? ????? ???? |????? ?????= ( help )

[8] "Was French revolution A Bourgeoisie Revolution?" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-09-25 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-02-17 .

[1]

[2]

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[8]

? ? ? ??????? ??????? ???????
??????? ???????? ( ????????? )	?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????????? ????? ????? Metabolic rift ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? Super-imperialism ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??????
??? ???????? ???? ???????? ( ?????????? )	??? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???? (???????) ?????? (???) ?????????? ????? Free association ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? Socialization ????? ?? ??? ????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? Commanding heights of the economy
??????? ???????	???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ???????? ????????? ?????
????????	Deformed workers' state Degenerated workers' state ???? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ????? Bureaucratic collectivism
?????	???????-???????-????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? Four Olds Mass line ????????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? Struggle session ????? ?????? ??????