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?????? ^[1] (???????????: Double) ?? ?????? ^{[
????? ?????
]} ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????; ??? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??????.

?? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? . ???? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???????. ^[2]

???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ??????????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????. ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????.

??????? [ ??? ]

??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? cascadeur ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????. ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????? Kaskadeur ??? ??? ???? "???? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????. ^[3]

???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????. ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? Buffalo Bill ???? ??? ?? ??? 1883 ?????? ??? ??? 1913. ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? .

????? ???? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ≪??????? ????????≫. ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????????. ^[4]

????? ?????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? 1903 ?1910. ^[5] ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ? ?? ?????? ???????? " The Great Train Robbery " ?? ≪ ???? ?????? ?????? ≫ ?? ????? ??? 1903? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????. ^[5]^[6] ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? " The Count of Monte Cristo " ?? ≪ ???? ????? ???? ?????? ≫ ?? ????? ??? 1908? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? 5 ???????. ^[7]

??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? . ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????. ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? 1912 ????? ??? ?????? ???????.

?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ????? ? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????????. ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????. ^[5] ??? ?? ????? ???????? (???????? ????????) ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????. ^[8]^[9]

????? ?????? ?????? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? 1923 ?????? " Safety Last " ?? ≪ ??????? ?????? ≫ ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????.

??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? (?????) ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????. ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????:

1- ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????.

2- ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???????.

???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??????. ^[7]

???? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ??? 1983 ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????. ^[10]^[11]

???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? [ ??? ]

????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ≪??????? ????? ?? ???????≫? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????.

????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ≪??? ???? ????≫? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????

???????? ???????? [ ??? ]

???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ???????? ???????. ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???????. ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??????.

?? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???? How the West Was Won (1962) ???? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ≪???≫ ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????. ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????. ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? 1968. ^[12]

??? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ≪ ?? ?????? ≫? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ≪ ????? ??? ????? ≫? ??? ???? ≪ ???? ?? ≫ ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????. ^[2]

????? [ ??? ]

^ ???? ???????? ? ???? ???????? (2008). ?????? ??????: ????? ??????? ???? (???????? ???????????) (?. 1). ?????: ??? ????? ???????? . ?. 366 - 1167. ISBN : 978-9953-63-541-5 . OCLC : 405515532 . OL : 50197876M . QID : Q112315598 .
^ ^? ^? ??? ??????? ???? (11 ???? 2012). "????????.. ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????" . ??? ??????? ???????. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-01-23.
^ A Theory of History . Routledge. 14 ????? 2016. ?. 291?308. ISBN : 978-1-315-63770-9 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-12-28.
^ Wolf, Tony. (2009) A Terrific Combat!!! Theatrical Duels, Brawls and Battles, 1800-1920
^ ^? ^? ^? Sarah Fleming (19 ?????? 2017). Steeped in Heritage . Duke University Press. ISBN : 978-0-8223-7230-1 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-12-27.
^ Roberto Bolano's Fiction . New York Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press. 31 ????? 2014. ISBN : 978-0-231-53753-7 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-12-28.
^ ^? ^? "The history of the Stuntman" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-08-07.
^ Hollywood stunt performers, 1910's-1970's : a biographical dictionary (?. Second edition). Jefferson, North Carolina. ISBN : 978-1-4766-1470-0 . OCLC : 875894619 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-12-27. {{ ??????? ????? }}: |????= ????? ??? ?? ???? ( ?????? )
^ "Boxshall, Dr Geoffrey Allan, (born 13 June 1950), Merit Researcher (Band 1), Natural History Museum, since 2014" . Who's Who . Oxford University Press. 1 ?????? 2007. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-07-23.
^ Good? E.F. (1980). "The most dangerous profession" . Electronics and Power . ?. 26 ?. 11?12: 859. DOI : 10.1049/ep.1980.0441 . ISSN : 0013-5127 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2021-01-18.
^ "Table 2: IMDB results" . dx.doi.org . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-08-24 . ???? ???? ?????? 2020-12-27 .
^ Drew (1 ????? 2014). Holt, Bob . Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-06-08.

[1] ???? ???????? ? ???? ???????? (2008). ?????? ??????: ????? ??????? ???? (???????? ???????????) (?. 1). ?????: ??? ????? ???????? . ?. 366 - 1167. ISBN : 978-9953-63-541-5 . OCLC : 405515532 . OL : 50197876M . QID : Q112315598 .

[:3-2] ? ^? ??? ??????? ???? (11 ???? 2012). "????????.. ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????" . ??? ??????? ???????. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-01-23.

[3] A Theory of History . Routledge. 14 ????? 2016. ?. 291?308. ISBN : 978-1-315-63770-9 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-12-28.

[مولد_تلقائيا1-4] Wolf, Tony. (2009) A Terrific Combat!!! Theatrical Duels, Brawls and Battles, 1800-1920

[:0-5] ? ^? ^? Sarah Fleming (19 ?????? 2017). Steeped in Heritage . Duke University Press. ISBN : 978-0-8223-7230-1 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-12-27.

[:1-6] Roberto Bolano's Fiction . New York Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press. 31 ????? 2014. ISBN : 978-0-231-53753-7 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-12-28.

[:2-7] ? ^? "The history of the Stuntman" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-08-07.

[8] Hollywood stunt performers, 1910's-1970's : a biographical dictionary (?. Second edition). Jefferson, North Carolina. ISBN : 978-1-4766-1470-0 . OCLC : 875894619 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-12-27. {{ ??????? ????? }}: |????= ????? ??? ?? ???? ( ?????? )

[9] "Boxshall, Dr Geoffrey Allan, (born 13 June 1950), Merit Researcher (Band 1), Natural History Museum, since 2014" . Who's Who . Oxford University Press. 1 ?????? 2007. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-07-23.

[10] Good? E.F. (1980). "The most dangerous profession" . Electronics and Power . ?. 26 ?. 11?12: 859. DOI : 10.1049/ep.1980.0441 . ISSN : 0013-5127 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2021-01-18.

[11] "Table 2: IMDB results" . dx.doi.org . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-08-24 . ???? ???? ?????? 2020-12-27 .

[12] Drew (1 ????? 2014). Holt, Bob . Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-06-08.

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