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هذه المقالة يتيمة. ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالة متعلقة بها
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????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????. [2] ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????. [3] ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????. ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ? ???????? ? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ? ??????? ????????? . [4]

??? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ? ?? ??? ??????? " ?????? " ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????? . [5] ????? ?? ?????? "?????" ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????????? . ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? . [5]

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???? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????? . ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? "?? ???? ?????? " ??? ???? ????. [6] ???? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? .

??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????. [7]

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?? ???????? ? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????. ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????????? . [8]

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????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? . [9] ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????????.

???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????. [9] ?? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???????. [9] ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????????. ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?????. [9]

?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???????. [9] ???? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????. [9] ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????????. ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????. ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????. [10]

???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????. ????? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???. [3] ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????????? ???????????. [3] ??? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??????. [11] ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ??????. ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???. [2] ?? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????. [2] ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????????. [2]

????? [ ??? ]

?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????????? ???????? ?? ???????. [10] ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????. ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? "?????"? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????????. [2] ?? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????. [2] ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????. [10] ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????. ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????. [2]

???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????. ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????. [12] ????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????. [12] ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ????. [12] ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ???.

???? ????? [ ??? ]

???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????. [10] ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ? ??????? ???????? ? ???????? ????? ?? ???. [10] ????? ????? ?? ???? ? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? "???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????". [10] ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ??????.

???? ????? [ ??? ]

???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? "??????? ????????". ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??????. [10] ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????. [10] ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ????. ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????. [10] ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ????????. ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?????. ???????: ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????. [10] ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???????. [10] ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???????. ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? "????? ?? ??? ????? ".

??????? [ ??? ]

  • Arena, Barbara (2001). The Complete Idiot's Guide to Making Money with Your Hobby . Alpha. ISBN : 978-0-02-863825-6 .
  • Aguirre? B.E. Jorge L.? Mendoza? Jorge L.? Quarantelli? E.L. (1988). "The collective behavior of fads: The characteristics, effects, and career of streaking" . American Sociological Review . ?. 53 ?. 4: 569?584. DOI : 10.2307/2095850 . JSTOR : 2095850 .
  • Best, Joel (2006). Flavor of the Month: Why Smart People Fall for Fads. University of California Press. ( ???? 9780520246263 ).
  • Burke, Sarah. "5 Marketing Strategies, 1 Question: Fad or Trend?". Spokal.
  • Camerer, Colin (1989). "Bubbles and Fads in Asset Prices". Journal of Economic Surveys . ?. 3 ?. 1: 3?41. DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-6419.1989.tb00056.x .
  • Conley, Dalton (2015). You may ask yourself: An introduction to thinking like a sociologist. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. ( ???? 978-0-393-93773-2 ).
  • Domanski, Andrzej (2004). "Collective fascinations (fads) and the idea of ephemeral culture" . Kultura I Spoleczenstwo (Culture and Society) . ?. 48 ?. 4. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2011-07-18. ( review/summary )
  • Griffith, Benjamin (2013). "College Fads ". St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture ? via Gale Virtual Reference Library.
  • Heussner, Ki Mae. "7 Fads You Won't Forget". ABC News.
  • Issitt, Micah L. (2009). Hippies: A Guide to an American Subculture . Greenwood. ISBN : 978-0-313-36572-0 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-08-01.
  • Killian, Lewis M.; Smelser, Neil J.; Turner, Ralph H. "Collective behavior". Encyclopædia Britannica .
  • Kornblum, William (2007). Sociology in a Changing World (?. 8th). Wadsworth Publishing. ISBN : 978-0-495-09635-1 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-12-08.
  • Sparks, Jared? Everett, Edward? Lowell, James Russell? Lodge, Henry Cabot (1899). The North American review . New York: North American Review Publishing Co. ?. 168. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-08-01.
  • Suzuki? Tadashi? Best? Joel (2003). "The Emergence of Trendsetters for Fashions and Fads" . Sociological Quarterly . ?. 44 ?. 1: 61?79. DOI : 10.1111/j.1533-8525.2003.tb02391.x . S2CID : 145052921 .

??????? [ ??? ]

  1. ^ ???? ??? ???? (1982)? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????????: ??????? - ????? - ???? (???????? ??????????? ?????????) (?. 2)? ?????: ????? ????? ?????? ? ?. 149? OCLC : 867235183 ? QID : Q117005141
  2. ^ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Best? Joel (2006). Flavor of the Month: Why Smart People Fall for Fads . University of California Press. ISBN : 9780520246263 .
  3. ^ ? ? ? Aguirre? B.E. Jorge L.? Mendoza? Jorge L.? Quarantelli? E.L. (1988). "The collective behavior of fads: The characteristics, effects, and career of streaking" . American Sociological Review . ?. 53 ?. 4: 569?584. DOI : 10.2307/2095850 . JSTOR : 2095850 .
  4. ^ Griffith? Benjamin (2013). "College Fads". St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture .
  5. ^ ? ? Kornblum (2007), p. 213.
  6. ^ Domanski (2004), pp. 147?159.
  7. ^ Arena (2001), p. 341.
  8. ^ Camerer (1989).
  9. ^ ? ? ? ? ? ? Suzuki? Tadashi? Best? Joel (2003). "The Emergence of Trendsetters for Fashions and Fads" . Sociological Quarterly . ?. 44 ?. 1: 61?79. DOI : 10.1111/j.1533-8525.2003.tb02391.x . S2CID : 145052921 .
  10. ^ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Killian? Lewis M.? Smelser? Neil J.? Turner? Ralph H. "Collective behavior" . Encyclopædia Britannica . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-08-04.
  11. ^ Conley? Dalton (2015). You may ask yourself: An introduction to thinking like a sociologist . New York: W.W. Norton & Co. ISBN : 978-0-393-93773-2 .
  12. ^ ? ? ? Heussner? Ki Mae. "7 Fads You Won't Forget" . ABC News . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2022-09-30.
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