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????? ????? ????? 1863 [1]   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P571) في ويكي بيانات
?????? ???? ?????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P276) في ويكي بيانات
??? ????? ?? ???? [2]   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P136) في ويكي بيانات
??????? ???? property ??? ?????.
?????? ???????? [3] ?   ??????? (???? ????) [3]   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P135) في ويكي بيانات
??????? ????? ?   ?????
?????? ?????? ????????    [???? ????] ‏ (1890?)   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P127) في ويكي بيانات
??????? ????
?????? ???? ???? ?  ????? ?????    [???? ????] ‏ (??? ?????? ??????)   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P186) في ويكي بيانات
???????? 130.5 ???????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P2048) في ويكي بيانات
????? 191 ???????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P2049) في ويكي بيانات
????? ???? property ??? ?????.
????? ???? property ??? ?????.
????? ????? - ?????   طالع توثيق القالب

???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? 1863 ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? . ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? . ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? [4] ??? 1865 ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?????. [5] ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????????. [6] ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????????. [7] ???? ???????? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????. [8] ????85 ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????. [9] ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????. [10] ? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????????? ???????. ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????. ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ????????. ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????. [11] ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????. ??? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????. ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????. [11]

???????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ?????? ? ??? ???? ? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????. [12] ??? ???? ??????? ( ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? )????? ????????. [13]

?????? [ ??? ]

???????? ?????? [ ??? ]

??? ???? ??? ( ???? ?????? ????? ) ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????

.

???? ( ???? ?????? ?? ????? ) ?? ????? ?? ??? 1863 ??? ???? ????????.????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????.???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????

?? ??? 1860 ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ???????. [14] ???? ??? ???? ??? 1890 ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????. [15] ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????. [16] ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? . [17]

?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????????. [18] ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????. [19] ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????. [20] ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????. ???????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ? ????????? ? ???? ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????. [21] ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? [22]

.???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????????. [23] ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????.???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????. [24] ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? 1860. ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????. [24]

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????. ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ????. ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????. ??? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????????. ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????.

???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??????. ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????. ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? . [25] ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????.

??????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????. ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????. ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ≪???????≫.??????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????.???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ≪???????≫.

??????? [ ??? ]

??? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ???????

????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???. [26] ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????. [27] ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??????. [27] ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?????. ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???????. ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????. ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????????. ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??????. [27] ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????. ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????????? ???? ?????. [28] ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ??????. [29]

?? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ? ??????? ???? ??? ???. [30] ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? . ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???????. [31] ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???????. [32] ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ≪??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???≫. [33] ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??? 1865 ??? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???. [33] ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? "???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ". [34] ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????.????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????.????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ≪??????? ???? ???≫. [33]

?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? 1860 ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?????. [31] ???? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????.???? ??????? ≪???????? ??????≫ ?? ???? ???? ??61? 1 ??? ?? 58, 1??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????. [18]

?????? ????? ???????? [ ??? ]

??? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ????????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ????

??? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??????. [35] ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?????. [36] ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? .??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ≪??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????≫. [37] ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????

.???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???????. [38] ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????????? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ??????.?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????. [38] ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? [38]

.??? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????. [31] ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????. [31] ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????. [31] ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????: ??? ??????. ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????. [31] ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????.?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???≪????? ????? ????????? ???????≫. [39]

???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? "" ??????? ??????? " ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? " ?????? ???? ". [40] ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? .?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????.?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ????????.?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????. [40] ??? "??????"?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ???. [41] ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???. [42] ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???????.???? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ????.?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????. [42] ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????. [24] ???? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ? "?????". [43] ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??????????. [24]

?????? ??? ????????

.

????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ???????
?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ? ???? ?????

?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ≪?????? ????≫ ??? ??????? ?????? ?????. [44] ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? . [44] ???? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? . [45] ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? . [45]

??? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? .???? ≪?????? ????≫ ?? ??? 1857 ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ? " ????? ???? ?? " ??? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? . [46] ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ≪?????? ????? ?????≫. [47]

?? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? . [48] ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? . [48] ???????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????????? .????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????????? .???????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? . [48] 9

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????

??? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? .???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ??? 1865 ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????????. [23] ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????????. [49] ???? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ? ??????. [39] ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????. [50] ?? ????? %20????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???????????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????.???? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????????. [40] ??? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????????. [51] ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? 1851? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???????? . [52]

??? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???????? ????????? . [53] ?????????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????. ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? . [53] ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?????????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? 1862 .??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? . [54]

?????? [ ??? ]

???? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?????

?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???????. [29] ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? l es romains de la decadence ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? . [55] ??? ???? ??????? ??? 1856 ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? . [56] ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? . [29] ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? . [29] ????????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? .[66]???? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ??? 1538 ?? ??? ?????. [35] ???? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? 1856 ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? . [57] ??? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ? ????? ??? ? ??? ??? ? ?????? ???? ? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? [57]

???? ????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????? .??? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? .????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? [35] ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?????????. [25] ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??. ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? .????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???????. [58] ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? . [25]

???? ??? [ ??? ]

??????? [ ??? ]

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  27. ^ ? ? ? ^ a b c d Rubin 1994, sayfa 123
  28. ^ ^ Bazin 1980, sayfa 24
  29. ^ ? ? ? ? ^ a b c d e Reff 1976, sayfa 49
  30. ^ ^ Rubin 1994, sayfa 174
  31. ^ ? ? ? ? ? ? ^ a b c d e Locke 2003, sayfa 95
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  33. ^ ? ? ? ^ a b c Brombert 1997, sayfa 172
  34. ^ ^ Bretell 1999, sayfa 133
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  39. ^ ? ? ^ a b c d Bretell 1999, sayfa 134
  40. ^ ? ? ? ^ a b c d e Rubin 1994, sayfa 55
  41. ^ ^ Nelson, Robert S. ve Shiff Richard.Critical terms for art history. University of Chicago Press, 2003. 9780226571669. Sayfa 191
  42. ^ ? ? ^ a b Rubin 1994, sayfa 56
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  47. ^ ^ Bohm-Duchen 2001, sayfa 117
  48. ^ ? ? ? ^ a b c Edelman 1995, sayfa 26
  49. ^ ^ Brombert 1997, sayfa 163
  50. ^ a b c d Locke 2003, sayfa 97
  51. ^ ^ a b c d Locke 2003, sayfa 97
  52. ^ ^ a b c Paris Salonu'nda Skandal.Thema Larousse: Tematik Ansiklopedi, Milliyet, 1993-1994. Cilt 5. Sayfa 291
  53. ^ ? ? ^ a b Brombert 1997, sayfa 140
  54. ^ ^ Clark 2003, sayfa 86
  55. ^ ^ Eco, Umberto (2006). "Din Olarak Guzellik" (Turkce). Guzelli?in Tarihi. Do?an Kitap. ss. 330-331. ISBN 975-293-420-X .
  56. ^ ^ a b c Armstrong 2002, sayfa 150
  57. ^ ? ? ^ a b Reff 1976, sayfa 50
  58. ^ ^ a b Spence 2001, sayfa 19


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