한자로

?????? 2003 ?? ??? ???? ????????

???????	16 ????? 2003
?????	??? ???? ????????
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?????? 1995 ?? ??? ???? ????????

?? 16 ????? 2003 ? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? . ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? . ??? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???????.

????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????. ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? 2003? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????. ^[1] ?? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? 2006 . ^[2]

?????? ???????? [ ??? ]

??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? 16 ????? . ^[3] ??? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ???????? (??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ). ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? 32 ?????? ???????. ^[2] ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????. ^[4] ??? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???????? . ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??????. ^[2]

??? ???????? [ ??? ]

???? ????????? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????. ???? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????. ???? ?????????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? 32 ???????? ?? ????????. ^[5]

????? [ ??? ]

^ "President dissolves parliament" . IRIN. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-08-28 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-10-22 .
^ ^? ^? ^? "The Bloodless Coup of July 16 in Sao Tome e Principe" (PDF) . Institut d'etudes politiques de Bordeaux. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2020-08-28 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-10-22 .
^ Murphy? Jarett. "Coup In Sao Tome" . CBS. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-08-28 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-10-22 .
^ "Sao Tome coup condemned" . BBC. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-08-28 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-10-22 .
^ "Coup leaders hand power back to civilian president" . IRIN. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-08-28 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-10-22 .

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? ? ? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? 1991
????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? 2010
??? 1990	???? (1991) ^c ?????? (1991) ^c ??????? ???????? (1991) ????? (1991) ^c ?????? (1991?1992) ^c ??????? (1992) ??????? (1992) ???? (1992) ^‡ ???????? (1992) ^c ??????? (1992) ????????? (1993) ^‡ ???????? (1993) ^c ????? (1993) ^‡ ??????? (1993) ??????? (1993) ^c ?????? (1994) ^c ?????? (1994) ^‡ ???????? (1995) ??? (1995) ^c ??? ???? ???????? (1995) ??????? (1996) ^c ?????? (1996) ^c ??? (1996) ????? (1997) ^c ?????? (1997) ?????? (1998) ??????? ??????? (1998) ?????? (1999) ^c ??????? (1999) ^c ???? ????? (1999) ^c
??? 2000	???? (2000) ^c ????????? (2000) ^c ??????? (2001) ??????? ??????? ?????? (2001) ??????? (2002) ??????? ??????? ?????? (2003) ??????? (2003) ????? ????? (2003) ??? ???? ???????? (2003) ????????? (2003) ???? (2004) ????? (2004) ^c ????? ?????????? (2004) ????????? (2005) ^c ??????? (2006) ???? (2006) ??????? (2006) ^c ?????? (2006) ???? (2006) ^c ???? (2007) ??????? (2007) ????? (2007) ????? ??????? (2008) ????????? (2008) ^c ????? (2008) ^c ?????? (2009) ^c ??????? (2009) ^c
??? 2010	?????? (2010) ^c ????? ????? (2010) ^c ????????? (2010) ?????? (2010) ??????? ??????? ??????????? (2011) ????? ????? (2011) ???????? (2011) ????? ????? ??????? (2012) ???? (2012) ^c ?????? (2012) ????? ????? (2012) ^c ???? ????? (2012) ??????? (2012) ??????? ??????? ?????? (2012?????) ???? (2013) ????? (????? 2013) ??? ????? (2013) ???? (2013) ??? (2013) ^c ????? (?????? 2013) ???? ??????? (2013) ????? (2014) ??????? (2014) ^c ?????? (2014) ?????? (2014) ????? (2014?15) ^c ??????? (2015) ??????? ???? (2015) ????? (2016) ??????? ???? (2016) ????? ?????? (2016) ????? (2016) ???????? (2017) ^c ????? ?????????? (2017) ????? (2018) ^c ???????? (2018) ^‡ ??????? (2019) ??????? (2019)
??? 2020	???? (2020) ^c ??????? ?????? (2021) ??????? (2021) ^c ?????? (2021) ???? (2021) ^c ????? (2021) ^c ???? (2021) ^‡^c ??????? (2021) ?????? ?????? ^c ??????? ???? (2022) ????? ^c ?????? ^c ????? ????? (2022) ??? ???? ???????? (2022) ?????? (2022) ^‡ ?????? (2022) ??????? (2023) ?????? (2023) ^c ??????? (2023) ^c ??????? ???? (2023) ???????? 2023 ????? ????? (2023) ??????? ??????? ??????????? (2024)
^c ?????? ???? ^‡ ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??????

? ? ? ?????????? ???????? ? ?????????? ??????? ? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? 1960
??? 1960	??????? ??????? (1960) ^c ??????? (1960) ??????? ???????? (1961) ??????? (1962) ???? (1962) ???? (1963) ???? (1963) ^c ??????? (1964) ^c ?????? (1964) ??????? (1965) ^c ???? (1965) ??????? (1965) ??????? ??????? ??????????? (1965) ??????? ??????? ?????? (1965?1966) ^c ??????? (????? 1966) ^c ??????? (?????? 1966) ^c ???? (1966) ^c ????? ?????? (1966) ^c ??????? (????? 1966) ^c ??????? (????? 1966) ^c ??????? ??????? (1966) ???? (1967) ???? (1967) ???? (1967) ^c ???? (1968) ^c ??????? ??????? (1968) ^c ???? (1969) ??????? (1969) ^c ????? (1969) ^c ??????? (1969) ^c
??? 1970	?????? (1970) ^‡ ?????? (1971) ^c ?????? (1971) ??????? (1971) ^c ???? (1972) ???? (1972) ^c ?????? (1972) ??????? ??????? (1972) ?????? (1973) ^c ?????? (1974) ?????? (1974) ^c ??????? (1974) ^c ??? ????? (1975) ^c ??????? (1975) ^c ???? (1975) ^c ??????? (1976) ^c ??????? (1976) ???? (1977) ??????? ??????? (1977) ^c ????? (1977) ^c ??????? (1977) ??????? (1978) ???? (1978) ^‡ ????????? (1978) ^c ??????? ??????? ?????? (1979) ^c ???? (1979) ^c ????? ?????????? (1979) ^c
??? 1980	????????? (1980) ^c ??????? (1980) ^c ????? ????? (1980) ^c ????? ?????? (1980) ^c ????????? (1981) ??????? ??????? ?????? 1981 ^c ?????? (1981) ???? (1981) ^c ???? (1981) ??????? ??????? ?????? 1982 ????? (1982) ????? ?????? (1982) ^c ????? ?????? (1983) ^c ??????? (1983) ^c ????????? (1984) ^c ????????? (1984) ????? (1984) ^c ?????? (1985) ^c ??????? (1985) ^c ??????? (1985) ^c ?????? (1986) ^c ???? (1986) ??????? ???? (1987) ^c ??????? (1987) ^c ?????? ??????? ??????? (1987) ???? (1987) ^c ??????? (1989) ^c ??????? ???? (1989) ??????? (1989)
??? 1990	??????? (1990) ??????? (1990) ?????? (1990) ???? (1990) ^c ???? (1991) ^c ?????? (1991) ^c ???????? (1992) ^c ????? ??????? ?? ??????? 1992 ??????? (1993) ??????? (1993) ^c ?????? (1994) ^c ?????? (1994) ^‡ ??? ????? (1995) ??? ???? ???????? (1995) ??????? (1996) ^c ?????? (1996) ^c ?????? (1997) ????? ????? ??????? ??????? (1998) ?????? (1999) ^c ???? ????? (1999) ^c
??? 2000	??????? (2001) ??????? ??????? ?????? (2001) ??????? ??????? ?????? (2003) ^c ????????? (2003) ????? ????? (2003) ^c ??? ???? ???????? (2003) ??????? ???? (2003) ???? (2004) ????? ?????????? (2004) ????????? (2005) ^c ???? (2006) ?????? (2006) ????? (2008) ^c ????????? (2008) ^c ?????? (2009) ^c
??? 2010	?????? (2010) ^c ????? ????? (2010) ^c ??????? ??????? ??????????? (2011) ?????? (2011) ????? ????? (2011) ???? ????? (2012) ???? (2012) ^c ????? ????? (2012) ^c ??????? (2012) ???? (2013) ????? (????? 2013) ??? ????? (2013) ???? (2013) ??? (2013) ????? (?????? 2013) ??????? ??????? ?????? (2012?????) ???? ??????? (2013) ????? (2014) ?????? (2014) ?????? (2014) ??????? (2015) ??????? ???? (2015) ??????? ???? (2016) ????? (2016) ????? ?????????? (2017) ???????? (2017) ^c ??????? (2019) ??????? (2019) ^c ??????? (2019)
??? 2020	???? (2020) ??????? ??????? ?????? (2021) ?????? (2021) ???? (2021) ^c ???? (2021) ^‡ ????? (2021) ^c ??????? (?????? 2021) ??????? (?????? 2021) ^‡ ??????? ???? (????? 2022) ^c ????? ????? (2022) ??????? ???? (?????? 2022) ^c ??? ???? ???????? (2022) ?????? (2022) ??????? (2023) ?????? (2023) ^c ??????? (2023) ^c ??????? ???? (2023) ???????? 2023 ????? ????? (2023) ??????? ??????? ??????????? (2024)
???? ????? ^c ?????? ???? ^‡ ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??????

??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ?? ???????.